自组织神经网络在测井储层评价中的应用

在测井储层评价过程中,岩性及流体性质的识别难度很大。当地层信息较少时,传统的交会图和有监督神经网络(如BP神经网络)等方法在识别岩性时会受到一定限制。为此.基于自组织神经网络的结构和原理,建立了岩性和流体样本数据集,利用自组织神经网络对样本数据集进行了训练和纠错,得到了数据集的聚类结果,通过选择合适的测井曲线和网络权值,以样本数据集的聚类结果作为分类基础,对岩性和流体进行了识别,获得了较好的效果,实际资料处理结果与岩心分析资料对比,吻合度高。     

A new ice sheet model validated by remote sensing of the Greenland ice sheet

Accurate prediction of future sea level rise requires models that accurately reproduce and explain the recent observed dramatic ice sheet behaviours. This study presents a new multi-phase, multiple-rheology, scalable and extensible geofluid model of the Greenland ice sheet that shows the credential of successfully reproducing the mass loss rate derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and the microwave remote sensed surface melt area over the past decade. Model simulated early 21st century surface ice flow compares satisfactorily with InSAR measurements. Accurate simulation of the three metrics simultaneously cannot be explained by fortunate model tuning and give us confidence in using this modelling system for projection of the future fate of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Based on this fully adaptable three dimensional, thermo-mechanically coupled prognostic ice model, we examined the flow sensitivity to granular basal sliding, and further identified that this leads to a positive feedback contributing to enhanced mass loss in a future warming climate. The rheological properties of ice depend sensitively on its temperature, thus we further verified modelâ?s temperature solver against in situ observations. Driven by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis atmospheric parameters, the ice model simulated GrIS mass loss rate compares favourably with that derived from the GRACE measurements, or about ?147 km³/yr over the 2002–2008 period. Increase of the summer maximum melt area extent (SME) is indicative of expansion of the ablation zone. The modeled SME from year 1979 to 2006 compares well with the cross-polarized gradient ratio method (XPGR) observed melt area in terms of annual variabilities. A high correlation of 0.88 is found between the two time series. In the 30-year model simulation series, the surface melt exhibited large inter-annual and decadal variability, years 2002, 2005 and 2007 being three significant recent melt episodes.     

Distribution and controlling factors of selenium in weathered soil in Kaiyang County,Southwest China

Selenium is one of the life-related elements. Survey reveals that selenium enrichment in the studied strata from Kaiyang County is considered to be closely related to the following factors： regional black shale series in Ni- utitang Formation of Early Cambrian, strong adsorption of organic matter （OM）, magmatic hydrothermal migrate along the deep fault, mixing and migration of hydrothermal brine, regional uranium mineralization and presence of a great deal sulfides. For selenium enrichment in its weathered soil and crops, the reason responsible is sele- nium-enriched bedrock, which provides material sources for weathering profile and is considered as the main con- trolling factor of selenium content in the soil profile. After leaching and migrates downwards, organic carbon （OC） adsorption, iron-manganese layer adsorption, geochemical barrier role, selenium content in different profiles, there are mainly three types of distribution features： bottom enrichment type, top enrichment type and no significant en- richment type. Comprehensive analyses find that selenium enrichment area is mainly distributed in the Machang, Gaoyun-Fengsan-Guanpo, Baimadong, Chuandong-Hefeng-Shaoshang and Longgang-Gaozhai region, etc. Besides, around the east part of the county, in Huali and Yongxing selenium are relatively scarce.     

黑龙江张家湾岩体锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学及其地质意义

通过对兴蒙造山带东段小兴安岭-张广才岭地区张家湾岩体石英闪长岩、正长花岗岩进行的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分析测试、岩石地球化学的各项分析测试,综合分析研究表明,石英闪长岩形成于早侏罗世(176.2±1.8Ma),具浆混花岗岩特点,属壳幔混合成因;正长花岗岩形成于中侏罗世(166±2.2Ma),具"S"型花岗岩的地球化学属性,属壳源熔融成因。结合该区大地构造背景,认为张家湾岩体很可能是环太平洋增生地体的佳木斯板块与西侧的张广才岭地块碰撞造山作用形成。     

河南省冬小麦干旱保险风险评估与区划

以河南省冬小麦干旱为例,探讨了农业气象灾害保险风险评估与区划方法。首先,在构建冬小麦不同生育期干旱指数的基础上,结合农业保险的特征和精细化、专业化的需求,从气象因子、作物产量以及社会经济水平的角度选用干旱风险度、易损性指数、产量风险指数、抗灾性能指数4个指标对致灾因子、承灾体易损性、灾损风险、防灾减灾能力4个方面进行分析和评估。然后将上述4个保险风险评估指标细化到县级,采用聚类分析方法,对河南省冬小麦干旱进行了气象指数保险风险区划和政策性保险风险区划。两种区划结果表明:除豫西高风险区的个别县互相重合外,其余各县所属风险区有较大差别。因此,针对不同的保险特点和需求,需要采用不同的区划指标和方法,才能推行区域农业保险,更好地实行差别保险费率。     

华南盛夏气温异常成因及预测研究

利用1951～2007年中国大陆160站和台湾地区3个代表站盛夏(7～8月)温度资料、北半球500 hPa高度及北太平洋海温资料.通过合成分析、对比分析和相关分析等方法,研究了台湾地区及其与华南大陆地区盛夏气温的一致性;华南地区盛夏气温异常的年代际变化特征及其与北半球500 hPa高度场、北太平洋海温场的关系.结果表明...     

加油站雷击电磁场影响分析及危害范围界定

为确定加油站雷击电磁脉冲的防护水平和安全间距,根据雷电流特性和油品燃烧爆炸性质,采用ADTD闪电定位系统监测资料,通过对重庆华兴加油站的防雷安全评估,重点分析加油站遭受临近雷击或自身遭受雷击后雷击电磁场影响及起火、爆炸的危害范围。结果表明：在加油站周边防雷设施能保护距离加油站33.54～41m范围的情况下,加油站遭受临近雷击时雷击所产生的电磁场可不考虑;加油站遭受直击雷时,应采用小于5m×5m的屏蔽网格才能使LPZ1区的电磁场处于安全状态;加油站因雷击起火或爆炸的危害范围分别为5.22m和138.95m。结论可为加油站的雷电设防要求及周边规划提供理论依据。     

Diagnostic budget study of the internal variability in ensemble simulations of the Canadian RCM

Due to the chaotic and nonlinear nature of the atmospheric dynamics, it is known that small differences in the initial conditions (IC) of models can grow and affect the simulation evolution. In this study, we perform a quantitative diagnostic budget calculation of the various diabatic and dynamical contributions to the time evolution and spatial distribution of internal variability (IV) in simulations with the nested Canadian Regional Climate Model. We establish prognostic budget equations of the IV for the potential temperature and the relative vorticity fields. For both of these variables, the IV equations present similar terms, notably terms relating to the transport of IV by ensemble-mean flow and to the covariance of fluctuations acting on the gradient of the ensemble-mean state. We show the skill of these equations to diagnose the IV that took place in an ensemble of 20 3-month (summer season) simulations that differed only in their IC. Our study suggests that the dominant terms responsible for the large increase of IV are either the covariance term involving the potential temperature fluctuations and diabatic heating fluctuations, or the covariance of inter-member fluctuations acting upon ensemble-mean gradients. Our results also show that, on average, the third-order terms are negligible, but they can become important when the IV is large.     

支持向量机优化的克里金插值算法及其海洋资料对比试验

针对常规克里金插值方法中变异函数为有限确定函数,难以准确刻画实际数据分布（特别是复杂要素资料的空间结构）的不足,基于最小二乘支持向量机从实际资料场中拟合重构变异函数的研究思想,提出了一种改进的插值方法——支持向量机—克里金插值算法（SVM-Kriging）。采用常规的克里金方法和支持向量机—克里金插值方法（SVM-Kriging）进行插值试验和对比分析,结果表明：支持向量机—克里金方法（SVM-Kriging）的变异函数源自实际的数据场,它克服了常规克里金插值对变异函数选择的依赖性以及变异函数选择的主观性和人为性,表现出较好的针对性和客观性,较为有效地改善了插值效果。     

内蒙古“4．23”沙尘暴天气的环流背景及成因

利用常规观测资料和MICAPS提供的相关资料,对2009年4月23日－24日在内蒙古中西部地区发生的大范围大风、沙尘暴天气的高、低空环流形势、物理量场、卫星云图及数值预报场进行了分析。结果表明：a）本次沙尘暴的主要影响系统是贝加尔湖高空低涡引导冷空气南下在蒙古形成密集的高空锋区;b）地面蒙古气旋的暖性性质为沙尘暴的爆发提供了有利的热力条件;c）强烈的上升与下沉运动为大风、沙尘天气的发生提供了动力条件;d）螺旋状逗点云系的发展为此次大风、沙尘暴天气的形成提供了有利条件;e）沙尘暴发生前期上游地区干暖的气候条件及下垫面增厚的于土层及沙区,对沙尘暴的发生提供最基本的环境条件。