中国区域地质调查发展变化研究

从全国地质资料馆(NGA)馆藏区域地质调查资料编著的时间、地质资料的记载的内容、调查的组织机构、调查的目的、手段、方法等方面分析,发现中国的区域地质调查工作具有明显的阶段性,不同时期编著的区域地质资料,存在一定差异,并根据这些差异将其划分为:萌芽期、起步期、大发展期和数字填图期.     

Recent changes in the summer precipitation pattern in East China and the background circulation

This study documents the decadal changes of the summer precipitation in East China, with increased rainfall in the Huang-Huai River region (HR) and decreased in the Yangtze River region (YR) during 2000?C2008 in comparison to 1979?C1999. The main features of the atmospheric circulation related to the increased precipitation in the HR are the strengthened ascending motion and slightly increased air humidity, which is partly due to the weakened moisture transport out of the HR to the western tropical Pacific (associated with the weakened westerly over East Asia and the warming center over the Lake Baikal). The rainfall decrease in the YR is related to the weakened ascending motion and reduced water vapor content, which is mainly related to the weakened southwesterly moisture flux into the YR (associated with the eastward recession of the Western Pacific Subtropical High). The global sea surface temperature (SST) also shows significant changes during 2000?C2008 relative to 1979?C1999. The shift of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) to a negative phase probably induces the warming over the Lake Baikal and the weakened westerly jet through the air-sea interaction in the Pacific, and thus changes the summer precipitation pattern in East China. Numerical experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model, with prescribed all-Pacific SST anomalies of 2000?C2008 relative to 1979?C1999, also lend support to the PDO??s contribution to the warming over the Lake Baikal and the weakened westerlies over East China.     

The Recent Interdecadal and Interannual Variation of Water Vapor Transport over Eastern China

The climatological characteristics and interdecadal variability of the water vapor transport and budget over the Yellow River-Huaihe River valleys (YH1) and the Yangtze River-Huaihe River valleys (YH2) of East China were investigated in this study,using the NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis datasets from 1979 to 2009.Changes in the water vapor transport pattern occurred during the late 1990s over YH1 (YH2) that corresponded with the recent interdecadal changes in the eastern China summer precipitation pattern.The net moisture influx in the YH1 increased and the net moisture influx in the YH2 decreased during 2000-2009 in comparison to 1979-1999.Detailed features in the moisture flux and transport changes across the four boundaries were explored.The altered water vapor transport over the two domains can be principally attributed to the additive effects of the changes in the confluent southwesterly moisture flow by the Indian summer monsoon and East Asian summer monsoon (related with the eastward recession of the western Pacific subtropical high).The altered water vapor transport over YH1 was also partly caused by the weakened midlatitude westerlies.     

A New Prediction Model for Tropical Storm Frequency over the Western North Pacific Using Observed Winter-Spring Precipitation and Geopotential Height at 500 hPa

A new seasonal prediction model for annual tropical storm numbers(ATSNs)over the western North Pacific was developed using the preceding January-February(JF)and April-May(AM)grid-point data at a resolution of 2.5°×2.5°.The JF and AM mean precipitation and the AM mean 500-hPa geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere,together with the JF mean 500-hPa geopotential height in the Southern Hemisphere,were employed to compose the ATSN forecast model via the stepwise multiple linear regression technique.All JF and AM mean data were confined to the Eastern Hemisphere.We established two empirical prediction models for ATSN using the ERA40 reanalysis and NCEP reanalysis datasets,respectively,together with the observed precipitation.The performance of the models was verified by cross-validation.Anomaly correlation coefficients(ACC)at 0.78 and 0.74 were obtained via comparison of the retrospective predictions of the two models and the observed ATSNs from 1979 to 2002.The multi-year mean absolute prediction errors were 3.0 and 3.2 for the two models respectively,or roughly 10% of the average ATSN.In practice,the final prediction was made by averaging the ATSN predictions of the two models.This resulted in a higher score,with ACC being further increased to 0.88,and the mean absolute error reduced to 1.92,or 6.13% of the average ATSN.     

A Note on Some Methods Suitable for Verifying and Correcting the Prediction of Climatic Anomaly

The weighted correlation coefficient of the predicted and observed anomalies and the ratio of the weighted norm of predicted anomaly to the observed one, both together, are suggested to be suitable for the estimating of the correctness of climate prediction. The former shows the similarity of the two patterns, and the later indicates the correctness of the predicted intensity of the anomaly. The weighting function can be different for different emphasis, for example, a constant weight means that the correlation coefficient is the conventional one, but same non-uniform weight leads to the ratio of correct sign of the anomaly, the stepwise weight leads lo the formulation of correctness of prediction represented by grades of the anomaly, and so on.Three methods for making correction to the prediction are given in this paper. After subtracting lie mean error of the prediction, one method is developed for maximizing the similarity between the predicted and observed patterns, based on the transformation of the spatial coordinates. Another method is to minimize the mean difference between the two fields. This method can also be simplified as similar to the “optimum interpolation” in the objective analysis of weather chart. The third method is based on the expansion of the anomaly into series or EOF, where the coefficients are the predicted but the EOFs are taken as the “observed” calculated from historical samples.     

THE MONSOON PRECIPITATION VARIATION IN THE CLIMATE CHANGE

First,studies on the East Asian monsoon simulation were reviewed.Then the monsoon precipitation change in thepaleoclimate was simulated and analyzed.This paper also analyzed and simulated the interannual changes of monsoonprecipitation and their relations with the sea surface temperature (SST) changes.Finally,the simulated monsoon precipi-tation change in the CO_2-induced climate change was discussed.     

基于主分量法的雷达回波资料的雹云识别及其效果检验

本文用主分量分析法建立了雷云等强对流天气的综合判别式。该方法首先由某地区的雷达回波历史资料,建立判别指标之间的相关系数矩阵,然后用主分量分析法确定因子荷载,并由荷载矩阵。相关系数矩阵确定判别指标权重,从而建立雹云等强对流天气的综合判别式。该方法用成都市的雷达回波历史资料所建立的判别式对成都市试报和对沪州市进行了效果检验,并将判别结果与综合概率法比较,效果尚好。表明该方法用于雹云判别是可行的。     

A GCM Study on the Mechanism of Seasonal Abrupt Changes

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Modelling the Interannual Variation of Regional Precipitation over China

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