耦合模式对冬春季节南、北极涛动的季节气候预测能力研究

研究评估了耦合气候模式对冬、春季北极涛动(AO)和南极涛动(AAO)的预测效能。结果表明,模式对于北极涛动和南极涛动的模拟能力都是比较强的,其中,对冬季的模拟能力要强于春季。冬季,几乎所有的模式都能很好地模拟出对流层内北极涛动的空间分布形态特点,空间相关系数很高。春季,大部分模式的模拟结果仍然是比较好,与再分析资料结果的空间相关性比较高。对于南极涛动,模式在全年对流层各个层次上都能比较好地刻画其空间分布,且模式在850hPa等压面上的空间模拟效能要稍强于海平面。相对来说,冬季的模拟效果也稍强于其他季节,但是,差异不显著,模式与模式的差别也比较小。另外,模式对于北极涛动和南极涛动的时间序列模拟能力有限,时间序列相关系数只有少数几个模式达到显著性水平。     

The response of the North Pacific Decadal Variability to strong tropical volcanic eruptions

In this study, the effects of volcanic forcing on North Pacific climate variability, on interannual to decadal time scales, are examined using climate model simulations covering the last 600?years. The model used is the Bergen Climate Model, a fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model. It is found that natural external forcings, such as tropical strong volcanic eruptions (SVEs) and variations in total solar irradiance, play an important role in regulating North Pacific Decadal Variability (NPDV). In response to tropical SVEs the lower stratospheric pole–to–equator temperature gradient is enhanced. The North polar vortex is strengthened, which forces a significant positive Arctic Oscillation. At the same time, dipole zonal wind anomalies associated with strong polar vortex propagate downward from the lower stratosphere. Through positive feedbacks in the troposphere, the surface westerly winds across the central North Pacific are significantly weakened, and positive sea level pressure anomalies are formed in the North Pacific. This anomalous surface circulation results in changes in the net heat fluxes and the oceanic advection across the North Pacific. As a result of this, warm water converges in the subtropical western North Pacific, where the surface waters in addition are heated by significantly reduced latent and sensible heat fluxes from the ocean. In the eastern and high–latitude North Pacific the ocean loses more heat, and large–scale decreases in sea surface temperatures are found. The overall response of this chain of events is that the North Pacific enters a negative phase of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and this negative phase of the PDO is maintained for several years. It is thus concluded that the volcanic forcing plays a key role in the phasing of the PDO. The model results furthermore highlight the important role of troposphere–stratosphere coupling, tropical–extratropical teleconnections and extratropical ocean–atmosphere interactions for describing NPDV.     

基于E-FAST的流溪河模型参数敏感性分析

基于E-FAST全局定量敏感性分析方法的思想,提出一个针对分布式物理水文模型——流溪河模型的参数敏感性分析方法,包括参数简化及取值范围确定、参数采样及采样次数的确定、敏感性评价指标的选取、参数敏感度计算4个部分.针对我国4个不同规模的流域(黄龙带水库流域、流溪河水库流域、长湖水库流域和新安江水库流域)开展了分布式物理水文模型参数敏感性分析,并采用4种不同的评价函数进行了对比计算.结果表明,流溪河模型饱和含水率和田间持水率是高度敏感参数,饱和水力传导率、土壤层厚度、土壤特性系数、边坡和河道糙率为敏感参数,其他参数为不敏感参数.     

我国气候变化将比模式预期的小吗？

从当今国际上不同的气候系统模式模拟的全新世大暖期和末次盛冰期我国气候变化量级和复原资料结果的对比,以及从目前气候变化的趋势(包括温室气体、气温、海洋温度、海平面高度、冰川等),来评述我国区域气候未来变化的量级。从以上两个方面的情况看,我国区域的未来气候变化量级可能比现有模式预估的还要大。文章最后讨论了我国的气候变化脆弱区以及关键的气候变化要素问题。     

The Relationship between the Aleutian Low and the Australian Summer Monsoon at Interannual Time Scales

The relationship between the boreal winter(December,January,February) Aleutian Low(AL) and the simultaneous Australian summer monsoon(ASM) is explored in this study.A significant correlation is found between the North Pacific index(NPI) and ASM index,the bulk of which is attributed to the significant correlation after late 1970s.Significant differences in precipitation and outgoing long-wave radiation between typical negative and positive NPI years appear over the ASM area.A regression analysis of the circu...     

北京地区日光温室光环境模拟及分析

针对北京地区典型日光温室, 在2003—2004年试验观测的基础上, 从室内直接辐射、散射辐射及作物生长对辐射影响3个方面, 进行了模拟和分析, 并对地面辐射的模拟结果与实测值进行了比较验证。结果表明:绝对误差为9.41 W/m2, 相关系数达到0.92, 与实测值、文献资料相比, 模拟结果的准确性和趋势有较好的一致性, 对优化温室环境控制方案具有一定的参考价值。     

2007年3月中国东部北方地区一次强灾害性暴风雪事件的成因初探

2007年3月3-5日,中国东部北方地区发生了近50年来历史同期最强的一次暴风雪事件,给该地造成了严莺的灾害和损失.通过分析这次暴风雪事件发生前期和同期的大尺度大气环流异常,探讨形成这次极端天气的可能物理机制.研究结果表明,在这次暴风雪事件发牛的前两周中,存在持续异常的北极涛动、南极涛动、欧亚型遥相关以及北太平洋涛动等大气模态.这些异常环流在中国东部沿岸地区引起了强劲的偏南风,由此给中国东部北方地区源源不断地输送暖湿空气,使得该地的水汽含量和气温不断升高,为这次暴风雪事件的发生准备厂良好的暖空气条件.当3月初大气环流发生调整,极地冷空气南下时,强劲的冷、暖空气交汇于中国东部北方地区,从而在该地形成了强大的冷锋系统,最终导致了这次强暴风雪事件的发生.研究结果表明,在预报与降水相关的天气时,必须考虑事发前期异常大气环流的信息,关注预报区域前期水汽的积累状况,这对于提高降水预报、特别是强降水预报的水平有着重要的意义.     

Variability of Northeast China river break-up date

This paper investigates the variability of the break-up dates of the rivers in Northeast China from their icebound states for the period of 1957–2005 and explores some potential explanatory mechanisms. Results show that the break-up of the two major rivers(the Heilongjiang River and Songhuajiang River) was about four days earlier,and their freeze-up was about 4–7 days delayed,during 1989–2005 as compared to 1971–1987.This interdecadal variation is evidently associated with the warming trend over the past 50...     

The Springtime North Asia Cyclone Activity Index and the Southern Annular Mode

The relationship between the North Asia cyclone （NAC） activity and the Southern Annular Mode （SAM） is documented in this research. The definition of the NAC index （NACI） is based on the atmospheric relative vorticity in North Asia. The analysis yields a significant positive correlation between previous winter Southern Annular Mode index （SAMI） and spring NACI in the interannual variability, with a correlation coefficient of 0.51 during 1948-2000. Analysis of the NAC-related and SAM-related atmospheric general circulation variability demonstrates such a relationship. The study further reveals that when the winter SAM becomes strong, the springtime atmospheric convection in tropical western Pacific will intensify and the local Hadley circulation will be strengthened. As a result, the abnormal subsiding motion over South China makes the temperature gradient intensified in the low level and strengthens the jet in the high level, both of which are beneficial to the development of NAC activity.