5·12汶川地震青川县木鱼镇滑坡坝稳定性分析

滑坡坝及其形成的堰塞湖是山区常见的一种地质灾害,在强地震发生时,滑坡坝形成的堰塞湖的数量多,规模大.汶川5·12地震发生时,就形成了多个堰塞湖,这些滑坡坝一旦发生溃坝,将会对下游灾民和抢险人员生命安全构成很大的威胁.文中对汶川大地震发生期间木鱼镇滑坡坝进行研究.通过地质分析和计算表明,这个滑坡坝在发生和强降雨和地震期间是稳定的,不会对下游构成威胁,因此,可以不对此滑坡坝采取防治措施.此研究结果已在实践中证明是正确的,其研究方法可以为类似工作提供参考.     

计程仪测速创新方法研究

为了在非理想环境的测速场或者没有测速场进行相对计程仪的准确测速,在通用方法基础上,论述了两种切实可行有效的测速新方法,通过理论及实验证明,实用性较强,具有一定的推广价值。     

Quantitative relationship between water-depth and sub-fossil ostracod assemblages in Lake Donggi Cona,Qinghai Province,China

A calibration data set of 51 surface sediment samples from Lake Donggi Cona on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau was investigated to study the relationship between sub-fossil ostracod assemblages and water depth. Samples were collected over a depth range from 0.6 to 80 m. A total of 16 ostracod species was identified from the lake with about half of the species restricted to the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent mountain ranges and poorly known in terms of ecological preferences, and the other half displaying a mainly Holarctic distribution. Living macrophytes and macroalgae were recorded in Lake Donggi Cona down to a depth of about 30 m, and bivalve (Pisidium cf. zugmayeri) and gastropod (Gyraulus, Radix) shells were found down to depths of 43 and 48 m, respectively. The ostracod-water-depth relationship was assessed by multivariate statistical analysis and ostracod-based transfer functions for water depth were constructed. Weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) regression provided the best model with a coefficient of determination r ² of 0.91 between measured and ostracod-inferred water depth, a root mean square error of prediction of 8% and a maximum bias of 10.6% of the gradient length, as assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation. Our results show the potential of ostracods as palaeo-depth indicators in appropriate settings. However, transfer-function applications using fossil ostracod assemblages for palaeo-depth estimations require a thorough understanding of the palaeolimnological conditions of lakes and therefore detailed multi-proxy analysis to avoid misinterpretation of ostracod-based inferences.     

应用地热温标估算济南市平阴县大孙庄氡温泉热储温度

地热温标方法是确定地下深部热储温度的一种经济有效的手段,任何温标在使用前都要进行水-岩平衡判断。选取大孙庄氡温泉井6组不同时期的水化学组分分析数据,利用Na-K-Mg三角图解法及饱和指数法对矿物-流体的平衡状态进行判断,结果表明各水样水-岩之间尚未达到离子平衡状态,不适合用阳离子地热温标来估算热储温度,但可选择二氧化硅温标估算热储温度;玉髓与水反应在多数情况下要比石英与水反应更接近平衡,利用玉髓温标估算大孙庄氡温泉井的热储温度较为合理,估算大孙庄氡温泉井的热储平均温度为47.8℃。     

吉东南地区五女峰岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义

五女峰岩体位于通化地区集安市,大地构造位置上处于鸭绿江—图们江断裂北侧,其岩性为碱长花岗岩。为确定其侵位时代和探讨大地构造环境,对五女峰岩体进行了系统的岩石学、矿物学和年代学研究。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,其加权平均年龄为（110.50±1.60） Ma,侵位时代为早白垩世晚期。岩体具有高硅、富碱、富铝和低钛的特点,属于高钾钙碱性系列;A/CNK值为0.98~1.00,为准过铝质岩石;固结指数（I_S）为0.80~3.20,反映了该岩体经历了高程度分异演化作用;δEu为0.05~0.37,具较强的Eu亏损,LREE/HREE和（La/Yb）_N值分别为7.13~24.68和7.01~39.20,显示轻重稀土元素分馏明显,且具有轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的特点。五女峰岩体呈现明显富集大离子亲石元素（LILE） Rb、K、Th、U,略富集高场强元素（HFSE） Nd、Sm、Zr、Hf,以及明显亏损P和Ti的特征。综合岩石矿物学、年代学、岩石地球化学特征及区域地质资料,五女峰岩体属于A型花岗岩,形成于后造山的伸展体制环境下。     

The PMIP3 Simulated Climate Changes over Arid Central Asia during the Mid‐Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum

In this study, the climate changes over Arid Central Asia(ACA) during the mid-Holocene(approximately 6,000 calendar years ago, MH) and the Last Glacial Maximum(approximately 21,000 calendar years ago, LGM) were investigated using multimodel simulations derived from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase 3(PMIP3). During the MH, the multimodel median(MMM) shows that in the core region of ACA, the regionally averaged annual surface air temperature(SAT) decreases by 0.13°C and annual precipitation decreases by 3.45%, compared with the preindustrial(PI) climate. The MMM of the SAT increases by 1.67/0.13°C in summer/autumn, whereas it decreases by 1.23/1.11°C in spring/winter. The amplitude of the seasonal cycles of the SAT increases over ACA due to different MH orbital parameters. For precipitation, the regionally averaged MMM decreases by 5.77%/5.69%/0.39%/5.24% in spring/summer/autumn/winter, respectively. Based on the analysis of the aridity index(AI), compared with the PI, a drier climate appears in southern Central Asia and western Xinjiang due to decreasing precipitation. During the LGM, the MMM shows that the regionally averaged SAT decreases by 5.04/4.36/4.70/5.12/5.88°C and precipitation decreases by 27.78%/28.16%/31.56%/27.74%/23.29% annually and in the spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Robust drying occurs throughout almost the whole core area. Decreasing precipitation plays a dominant role in shaping the drier conditions, whereas strong cooling plays a secondary but opposite role. In response to the LGM external forcings, over Central Asia and Xinjiang, the seasonal cycle of precipitation has a smaller amplitude compared with that under the PI climate. In the model-data comparison, the simulated MH moisture changes over ACA are to some extent consistent with the reconstructions, further confirming that drier conditions occurred during that period than during the PI.     

东帕米尔高原喀拉库勒湖的成因及其年代

喀拉库勒湖位于东帕米尔高原的康西瓦河流域.研究区的地质构造资料显示,断层活动形成的慕士塔格-公格尔山之间的断层谷是喀拉库勒湖形成的基础.对本区的地貌考察得知,源自慕士塔格峰东坡和公格尔山西坡的古冰流曾数次占据整个河源区,形成规模较大的山麓冰川.现存的喀拉库勒湖为一冰碛堰塞湖,其形成时间与最后一次古冰流填充河源区,阻塞慕士塔格峰西北侧自西南向东北汇入康西瓦河的阔克萨依克河水流的时间相一致.应用OSL测年技术对采自喀拉库勒湖外围冰碛丘陵中的砂质透镜体进行定年,获其年代范围为(26.8±1.3)~(41.7±4.4)ka.结合本区已有的ESR年代学资料(37.8±3.6)~(48.2±4.6)ka、邻近区域的古气候记录以及我国西部第四纪冰川演化序列综合分析可以得出,喀拉库勒湖主要形成于末次冰期中冰阶,时间上可对应于MIS3中期.     

Idealized Numerical Simulations of Tropical Cyclone Formation Associated with Monsoon Gyres简

Monsoon gyres have been identified as one of the important large-scale circulation patterns associated with tropical cyclone （TC） formation in the western North Pacific.A recent observational analysis indicated that most TCs form near the center of monsoon gyres or at the northeast end of the enhanced low-level southwesterly flows on the southeast-east periphery of monsoon gyres.In the present reported study,idealized numerical experiments were conducted to examine the tropical cyclogenesis associated with Rossby wave energy dispersion with an initial idealized monsoon gyre.The numerical simulations showed that the development of the low-level enhanced southwesterly flows on the southeasteast periphery of monsoon gyres can be induced by Rossby wave energy dispersion.Mesoscale convective systems emerged from the northeast end of the enhanced southwesterly flows with mid-level maximum relative vorticity.The simulated TC formed in the northeast of the monsoon gyre and moved westward towards the center of the monsoon gyre.The numerical experiment with a relatively smaller sized initial monsoon gyre showed the TC forming near the center of the initial monsoon gyre.The results of the present study suggest that Rossby wave energy dispersion can play an important role in TC formation in the presence of monsoon gyres.     

渤海西南岸全新世最大海侵界线及其地貌特征

结合钻孔与探地雷达探测古海相层尖灭点的测量方法与图像处理原则,本研究在沿渤海西南岸分布的8个相关钻孔附近开展了探测,经图像处理、与钻孔对比分析以及在特征位置钻探浅钻的方式,获得了5处最大海侵尖灭点的位置、地层剖面形态以及高程等信息.结合6ka B.P.、2ka B.P.左右和现代黄河流路变迁史及沿岸贝壳堤分布情况,揭示了最大海侵时期小清河向北至漳卫新河范围主要为古黄河形成的广阔三角洲潮滩地貌,海侵线远离海岸线深入内陆,其上的贝壳堤形成主要与黄河流路变迁相关;而渤海湾西南岸黄骅、沧州附近及以北主要为沼泽-潟湖-沙坝海岸地貌特征,海侵线由潟湖的陆侧边缘向海逐渐推进,沿岸分布的6ka B.P.左右贝壳堤的形成则是基于沿岸堤,并伴随风暴作用发育而来.莱州湾南岸依据埋藏古河道古湖泊的分布情况,推断该区全新世最大海侵前后具有与现代相似的海岸地貌特征,海侵时,海水直抵当时最大高潮线附近,使得海岸线与海侵线几乎相当.依据剖面地形校正结果可知,最大海侵时,海水侵入内陆至现代地表高程5.8～ 10.3m范围,后期新构造运动造成的隆起与下沉的区域差异,使得不同区域海侵层高程发生相应的变化,该结果为进一步估算海平面变化提供重要基础.     

Wave-Breaking Features of Blocking over Central Siberia and Its Impacts on the Precipitation Trend over Southeastern Lake Baikal

Precipitation over southeastern Lake Baikal features a significant decreasing trend in July and August over 1979–2018 and is closely related to blocking occurrence over central Siberia(45°–70°N, 75°–115°E). This study investigates the formation and maintenance of anticyclonic and cyclonic wave-breaking(AWB and CWB) blocking events and their climate impacts on precipitation in the southeastern Lake Baikal area. Both AWB and CWB blocking events are characterized by a cold trough deepening from the...