季节性冻土区水文特性及模型研究进展

简要评述了寒区冻土水文的研究进展情况,在分析季节性冻土的冻融水文过程和特点的基础上,系统归纳与总结了季节性冻融土壤条件下的融雪径流的产流模型、入渗规律及预报模型、对非寒区水文模型改进后应用到寒区的探讨及定量研究冻土水分迁移运动的数值模拟方法,并提出未来研究方向:开发更加逼近真实情况的水文水利模型;野外大田实验数据的监测采集并确定水文模型的参数;将水文模型与冻土水分迁移模型的完善结合.     

城市化对北京地区日照时数和云量变化趋势的影响

利用1961～2008年北京城区和郊区12个台站的气候观测资料,采用趋势分析和累积距平的方法,研究了北京城区和郊区近48年的日照时数、总云量及低云量的年际和四季变化趋势,并探讨了城市化进程对日照和云量变化的影响。结果表明：近48年来,城区的总云量和日照时数呈减少趋势,但低云量呈增加趋势;郊区的总云量和低云量呈增加趋势,而日照时数呈减少趋势;具体到年代变化,1980年代初以后,城区总云量呈减少趋势,且1990年代减少的趋势最为明显,2000年后,城区总云量变化发生逆转,呈显著增加趋势。对于低云量,1960年代到1980年代,城区郊区低云量呈波动减少趋势,而1990年代到2000年代后呈波动增加趋势。对于日照时数,1960年代到1980年代城区郊区日照时数均呈增加趋势,1990年代至2000年代则呈明显减少的趋势。低云量与日照时数表现出明显负相关特征,这与北京城市化发展对区域气候的影响有密切的关系。     

THERMAL EFFECTS OF BUILDING＇S EXTERNAL SURFACES IN CITY——Characteristics of Heat Flux into and out of External Wall Surfaces

This study examined the thermal effects of building‘s external wall surfaces, using observational data of spatial-temporal distribution of surface temperature, air temperature, and heat flux into and out of external surface. Results indicate that external wall surface temperature and nearby air temperature vary with the change of orientation, height and season. In general, the external wall surface temperature is lower near the ground, and is higher near the roof, than nearby air temperature. But north wall surface temperature is mostly lower than nearby air temperature at the same height; south wall surface temperature during the daytime in December, and west wall surface temperature all day in August, is respectively higher than nearby air temperature. The heat fluxes into and out of external wall surfaces show the differences that exist in the various orientations, heights and seasons. In December,south wall surface at the lower sites emits heat and north wall surface at the higher sites absorbs heat. In April, all external wall surfaces, emit heat near the ground and absorb heat near the roof. In August, west wall surface all day emits heat, and other wall surfaces just show the commensurate behavior with that in April.     

Brew平台上应用程序中断和恢复的处理

介绍了手机软件开发的应用BREW平台。主要阐述了运用于手持设备的应用程序在开发时所做的中断和恢复处理。     

复杂环境下基于GPS+BDS-3的PPP/INS/ODO组合导航性能分析

针对复杂环境下单一导航定位技术存在精度低、可靠性和完整性差的问题,提出一种GPS+BDS-3的PPP/INS/ODO组合导航方案。采用GPS+BDS-3双系统观测数据,推导无电离层组合PPP模型,进一步给出PPP/INS/ODO组合模型并分析时间异步及杆臂误差的处理策略,结合里程计测速信息和非完整性约束信息,提高组合导航的定位性能。利用仿动态和动态跑车实测数据,分别对GPS+BDS-3无电离层组合PPP的定位性能和PPP/INS/ODO组合导航的定位性能进行分析。实验结果表明,GPS+BDS-3组合定位精度较单系统有显著提高;PPP/INS/ODO组合系统在复杂环境下位置的RMSE优于1 m,可为复杂环境下的车载导航提供技术支撑。     

Changing spatial and structural patterns of non-agricultural activities in outward-moving Beijing urban fringe

As responses to metropolitan suburbanization and rural urbanization,the formation and evolution of urban fringes should be understood against the background of overall economic development and spatial reconstruction of entire metropolises.At the same time,however,endogenous interactions between industrial structure and spatial patterns of non-agricultural activities are also worthy of scholarly attention.Since the 1980s,studies on urban fringes in China have been restricted by the lack of micro-level data.This paper investigates the spatial expansion and structural evolution of the urban fringe by taking the case of Beijing and uses systematic firm-level data in 1996 and 2001 from the National Census of Basic Units.The diversity of distribution patterns across industrial sectors brings about two interrelated results.On the one hand,structural adjustment of non-agricultural industries promotes the expansion and spatial evolution of the urban fringe.On the other hand,the stability and dynamics of industrial structure coexist in the moving urban fringe.This study also reveals that the outward-moving urban fringe is the optimal location for manufacturing,especially heavy manufacturing,as well as traditional producer and consumer services.However,industries with spatial stickiness such as tourism and sports have not moved with the fringe.Most advanced services remain concentrated in the city center.The authors argue that it is essential for understanding and managing urban fringes to take into account spatial evolution and industrial structural adjustment together with their interaction with each other.     

胶西北地区三维地质模型构建及意义

为服务于山东深部找矿,结合金矿成矿机理及预测评价,利用Creatar Xmodeling平台建立了胶西北地区三维地质模型,直观、清楚地反映出胶西北地区地层厚度及变化趋势,岩浆岩展布规模、深度及相互接触关系,从空间分布视角可以看出,金成矿与玲珑花岗岩、郭家岭花岗岩、伟德山花岗岩存在密切关联;全方位展示出断裂带之间的关系,...     

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济南白泉泉群形成机理研究

白泉泉群位于济南市历城区,有花泉、柳叶泉等20余处。20世纪五六十年代,因泉群四溢,形成一片开阔水域,泉群周围稻香四飘,荷塘遍地,因其独特的出露方式,在济南众多泉水中具有十分重要的地位。白泉泉域是一个相对独立的水文地质单元,南部以地表分水岭为界;北部以石炭、二叠系与岩浆岩接触带为界;东、西边界分别为相对阻水的文祖断裂和东坞断裂,总面积为783.48 km2。其南部山区大面积的寒武-奥陶纪石灰岩,大气降水在此入渗并向北径流,在王舍人、济钢附近遇到石炭、二叠系和岩浆岩体阻隔,在第四系薄弱处涌出地表。该文以前人所做的大量地质、水文地质工作为基础,从地貌、地层、构造、补给等条件入手深入分析研究了济南白泉泉群的形成机理,从而为白泉泉群的保护提供科学的地质依据。     

中国沿海污损性双壳类特点分析

分析中国沿海污损性双壳类的种类组成、分布范围、污损特点及状况,指出其以紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)、翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)、长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas gigas)、福建牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas angulata)、熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)、棘刺牡蛎(Saccostrea echinata)、缘齿牡蛎(Dendostrea crenulifera)、近江牡蛎(Crassostrea ariakensis)等为优势种,污损特点与地理位置、离岸距离、浸海时间和当地环境因子密切相关,将来工作应着重于分类鉴定、生态调查、防除治理和外来种入侵等方面。