巴东城区黄土坡滑坡与迁建新址地质环境分析

为保证三峡库区巴东组易滑地层区城市规划发展地质安全,采用系统分析与类比的方法,探讨了非正常斜坡地质环境的开发利用与保护问题.巴东城区黄土坡滑坡是一个多期次形成的特大型复合变形体,系统分析表明,在三峡水库运行条件下,该滑坡前缘稳定性较差,但整体基本稳定,仍可限制性加以利用,实施部分搬迁避险是必要的.从整体而论,迁建新址区与黄土坡滑坡区地质环境条件类同,即同属三峡库区,由巴东组易滑地层组成、以顺向坡体结构为主要特色的斜坡地质环境,发育多个影响较大的滑坡,显现出地质环境比较脆弱的一面,利用时仍须加以限制.通过加强地质灾害防治体系建设和风险管制,能保证两区规划发展在允许风险水平条件下的地质安全.      

西藏班戈地区雪如岩体的形成环境及成矿意义

雪如岩体主要由中细粒二长花岗岩、中粗粒斑状二长花岗岩组成,在其与郎山组灰岩接触带附近发育有大量的矽卡岩型铜铁矿床或矿化点.岩石及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb、XRF、ICP-AES等分析显示,雪如岩体富K₂O、SiO₂、LREE及Rb、Ba、Pb、Th等大离子亲石元素,而Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti等高场强元素含量相对较低,稀土元素配分曲线为明显的右倾曲线,具有中等的负Eu异常,属高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩岩石系列和后碰撞花岗岩类,成岩时代分别为79.25±0.97 Ma和79.72±0.51 Ma,形成于早白垩世末-晚白垩世初班公湖-怒江缝合带闭合后、羌塘地体与拉萨地体的后碰撞阶段.综合认为,雪如岩体岩浆源区为下地壳富含流体的石榴石角闪岩相-斜长角闪岩相的镁铁质岩石,是在后碰撞环境下经部分熔融形成的花岗岩类,对班戈地区铜铁多金属成矿非常有利;矽卡岩型铜铁成矿作用发生于80 Ma左右,该认识为区域找矿指明了方向.      

Analysis of the Geomorphology and Environmental Geological Problems of Huzhou on the Yangtze River Delta

Geomorphically, Huzhou, which is on the Yangtze River delta is characterized mainly by plains, with small hills. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the environmental geological hazards both natural and those incurred by human activities in different morphologic units. The authors point out that most of the regional environmental geological problems in the natural geologic-morphologic conditions, such as crustal stability, foundation of soft soil, soil waterlogging and soil erosion, have insignificant effects to the society, or related countermeasures of prevention and control have been adopted. But environmental geological problems incurred by human being's economic activities become more and more severe, for example, water and soil pollution and land subsidence in plain areas resulting from overexploitation of groundwater, and landslides, karst collapses and water and soil loss etc. caused by quarrying in hilly areas.     

湖北宜昌地区下奥陶统生物礁古生态学研究

宜昌地区下奥陶统主要为一套台地相碳酸盐沉积,间夹页岩,其中的特征沉积为发育有较多的生物礁。造礁生物主要有海绵类、瓶筐石类、有柄棘皮类、苔藓虫及蓝细菌和Pulchrilamina等。在下奥陶统含礁层系中识别出四种生物相：(1)壳类生物相：发育有Tritoechia-Pelmatozans群落和Tritoechia-Pomatotrema群落;(2)礁生物相：包括Batostoma群落、Calathium--Archaeoscyphia群落、Pelmatozoans--Batostoma群落、Archeoscyphia群落和Calathium--Cyanobacteria群落;(3)静水生物相：发育有Acanthograptus--Dendrogptus群落和Yichangopora群落;(4)异地生物相：产有异地埋藏群,即Nanorthis--Psilocephlina埋藏群。含礁层系存在四个海平面变化旋回,生物礁的发育明显受海平面的升降速率与容纳空间增长速率的控制。生物礁多形成于高海平面时期。由于本区的海平面在上升过程中存在多个次一级旋回,致使生物礁具有数量多、分布广以及厚度薄和规模小等特点。造礁群落存在着演替和取代两种形式,前者有利于生物礁的发育,后者则表现为礁体的衰亡。     

Removal of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution by Silicate-incorporated Hydroxyapatite

This article reports a preliminary research on silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite as a new environmental mineral used to remove cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was prepared by coprecipitation and calcining, and silicate was incorporated into the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite by partial substitution of phosphate. The amount of cadmium ions removed by silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was significantly elevated, which was 76% higher than that of pure hydroxyapatite. But the sorption behavior of cadmium ions on silicate-incorporated hydroxyapatite was similar to that of pure hydroxyapatite. Morphological study revealed that silicate incorporation confined the crystal growth and increased the specific surface area of hydroxyapatite, which were in favor of enhancing the cadmium ion sorption capacity of the samples. Incorporation of silicate into hydroxyapatite seems to be an effective approach to improve the environmental property of hydroxyapatite on removal of aqueous cadmium ions.     

Diagenetic and Mineralization Age of the Hehuaping Tin-polymetallic Orefield, Hunan Province

The Hehuaping tin deposit is a large deposit found in recent years during geological surveys. The discovered tin deposit includes not only rock-alteration type deposits in fault zones, but also deposits developed in interstratified rupture zones between Devonian carbonate rocks (Qiziqiao Formation) and sandstone (Tiaomajian Formation). The finding of tin deposits of the latter type has greatly enriched tin-mineralization types in the famous Nanling polymetallic metallogenetic region and may provide us with a new potential orientation for prospecting of tin deposits in the region. It is commonly believed that the forming of the tin deposits in the Nanling region should be related to the Yanshanian instead of Indosinian granitic magmatism. Systematical zircon U-Pb SHRIMP dating in this paper shows that tin mineralizations have endured at least two stages. The early stage should be related to the intrusion of the main body of the Wangxianling granite, which was emplaced during the Indosinian period with a diagenetic and mineralized age of 224.0±1.9 Ma (MSWD=0.54), and the late stage should be related to the intrusion of Yanshanian granitic porphyry that took place after 142±3 Ma (MSWD=0.5).     

成都盆地浅层土壤中F来源分析

对成都盆地3061个浅层土壤样品以元素为变量进行F回归分析，在回归模型的基础上进行因子分析，并选取因子载荷较大的元素作为特征元素组合。在结合元素地球化学性质、区域地质背景和因子得分等值线图的基础上，根据特征元素组合来研究F的来源。研究结果表明：①成都盆地浅层土壤中F的来源有6种，其中岷江流经地区出露的酸性岩浆岩、碱性岩和龙门山前陆盆地上三叠统、侏罗系、白垩系沉积岩系是成都盆地浅层土壤中F的主要来源；②F在表生作用过程中显著地发生了迁移，岷江冲积扇成为其富集的“储库”；③自然作用对成都盆地浅层土壤中F的分布特征有显著的影响。     

胶东郭城地区脉岩类岩石地球化学特征及成岩构造背景

胶东海阳郭城地区高密度、高频率产出多种脉岩类岩石,主要包括辉绿岩(βμ)、煌斑岩(χ)、闪长岩(δ)、闪长玢岩(δμ)、花岗斑岩(νπ)、正长斑岩(ξπ)等,且脉岩与金矿密切伴生。为了探讨该区脉岩的成因、源区性质及成岩构造背景,本文通过岩石学和地球化学研究表明,该区脉岩总体属于钾质钙碱性系列,高Mg、Fe、Al,低Ti,来自深部同一岩浆源区,富集LILE和LREE,相对亏损HFSE,为弥散状角闪石相橄榄岩富集地幔部分熔融作用(9.52%)的产物。成岩过程中岩浆经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石、角闪石等暗色矿物以及少量斜长石的分离结晶作用,岩浆侵位过程中没有受到地壳物质的混染。脉岩形成于大陆板内环境,同时具有大陆弧钙碱性玄武岩的地球化学特征,暗示了在构造背景上与太平洋板块的俯冲作用及晚侏罗世至早白垩世华北地块岩石圈的区域性伸展—减薄机制有关,可能与郯庐断裂带在该时期的左行走滑引张关系更为密切。     

北祁连-河西走廊志留纪和泥盆纪古地理及其对同造山过程的沉积响应

北祁连-河西走廊志留系包括下志留统鹿角沟砾岩和肮脏沟组、中志留统泉脑沟山组和上志留统旱峡组，泥盆系包括中、下泥盆统老君山组和上泥盆统沙流水组。鹿角沟砾岩为水下冲积扇沉积，断续分布于北祁连西段。肮脏沟组在北祁连-河西走廊分布广泛，主要为半深海碎屑复理石沉积。泉脑沟山组和旱峡组分布于北祁连和河西走廊西段，前者以浅海相砂泥岩和泥灰岩为主，后者以滨海潮坪-浅海碎屑岩沉积为主。老君山组分布于古祁连山山前和山间盆地，为粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。沙流水组分布于河西走廊东段，为湖相沉积。区域古地理分析表明，北祁连-河西走廊志留纪-泥盆纪的古地理主要受北祁连加里东-早海西期不规则造山作用控制。鹿角沟砾岩标志着弧-陆碰撞最早发生于早志留世早期。早志留世北祁连-河西走廊由弧后残余盆地向前陆盆地转化。中、晚志留世北祁连东段剧烈造山并与阿拉善古陆的连接，前陆盆地限于北祁连-河西走廊西段。志留纪末期为北祁连的主造山期，泥盆纪形成高峻的古祁连山。早、中泥盆世形成山前和山间盆地的粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。晚泥盆世造山带西段造山作用剧烈，形成剥蚀区。东段造山作用微弱，山地被剥蚀，山前形成湖泊相的晚泥盆世沉积。     

广州、武汉、成都地区的生态地球化学特征

对首次开展的珠江三角洲、江汉平原、成都平原多目标区域地球化学调查资料进行对比研究,结果显示:土壤地球化学元素的分布在不同地区既有共性又存在差异性。共性表现为地球化学元素在土壤垂向剖面上的继承性、叠加性和渗透性,差异性则反映不同沉积来源、不同沉积环境的土壤地球化学特征明显不同。