Seasonal variation in carbon exchange and its ecological analysis over Leymus chinensis steppe in Inner Mongolia

Eddy covariance technique was used to measure carbon flux during two growing seasons in 2003 and 2004 over typical steppe in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China. The results showed that there were two different CO₂ flux diurnal patterns at the grassland ecosystem. One had a dual peak in diurnal course of CO₂ fluxes with a depression of CO₂ flux after noon, and the other had a single peak. In 2003, the maximum diurnal uptake and emitting value of CO₂ were −7.4 and 5.4 g·m⁻²·d⁻¹ respectively and both occurred in July. While in 2004, the maximum diurnal uptake and release of CO₂ were −12.8 and 5.8 g·m⁻²·d⁻¹ and occurred both in August. The grassland fixed 294.66 and 467.46 g CO₂·m⁻² in 2003 and 2004, and released 333.14 and 437.17 g CO₂·m⁻² in 2003 and 2004, respectively from May to September. Water availability and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) are two important factors of controlling CO₂ flux. Consecutive precipitation can cause reduction in the ability of ecosystem carbon exchange. Under favorable soil water conditions, daytime CO₂ flux is dependent on PAR. CO₂ flux, under soil water stress conditions, is obviously less than those under favorable soil water conditions, and there is a light saturation phenomena at PAR=1200 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹. Soil respiration was temperature dependent when there was no soil water stress; otherwise, this response became accumulatively decoupled from soil temperature.

     

新生代玄武岩地区找水中遥感技术应用研究——以阿巴嘎玄武岩为例

利用TM图像对火山口开口方向和玄武岩流向进行解译分析,圈定出玄武岩台地上的汇水盆地,从而确定了新生代玄武岩强富水区———找水目标区。     

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借助岩石破裂实验和理论研究中得到的变形失稳准则 ,探讨了岩体持续加速变形中地震短期前兆信息的定量检测方法 ,讨论了极值变形与地震三要素之间的关系。结合川滇地区倾斜、应变现有观测能力 ,得到了倾斜、应变失稳变化的速度阈值 K- Slope分别为 4 .5 m s/d和 5 0× 10 - 8d。对 1990年至 2 0 0 1年 5月间发生在川滇及临近地区的 9次 5 .8级以上地震 (未包括强震的短期前震和余震 )的统计结果表明 :持续时间在 2 0天以上、速度超过 4 .5 m s/d的加速倾斜之后 ,在 15 0天之内有 8次地震对应 (无虚报 ) ,1次漏报 ;而持续加速应变变化之后 ,有 5次地震对应 ,4次漏报。该结果一方面反映了连续变形对地震的监测能力 ,另一方面也表明持续加速变形中存在速度临界值 ,该临界值体现了自然环境的年变化与孕震条件下变形速度的差异性     

热烈的祝贺(发刊词)

《南极研究》与广大读者见面了.我怀着十分高兴的心情为它的创刊致以热烈的祝贺!我国的南极考察工作起步较晚,但发展较快,尤其是近几年,建成了南极长城站,已在长城站地区进行了三次较大规模的多学科考察,初步取得了可喜的成果.我国已经具备了独立开展南极考察的能力,并取得了一些经验.这些成绩是在党中央、国务院的关怀和支持下取得的,     

A STUDY ON RELATION BETWEEN CONTINUOUS RAPID DEFORMATION AND EARTHQUAKLES

1　IntroductionBysummarizingandcomparingthecharacteris ticsofdeformationobservedbeforeandafterearth quakes,wehavediscoveredthatcertainContinuousRapidDeformation (CRD)maybeobservedatsometilt meterandextensometersites.Duringashortperiodbeforeanearthquake,acontinuousrapiddeformationwithadurationfromhalfmonthtohalfyearoftenoccurred .Thecontinu ousrapiddeformationofthegroundismostlikelyrelatedtotheearthquakepreparationprocess,per hapsshowingarapidlocalstressadjustmentpriortotheearthquake.Therapi…     

罗睺、计都天文含义考源

罗　、计都是与推步交食有关的两颗隐曜，最早随佛教特别是密教经典传入中国，并逐渐被纳入中国古代天文历算体系中，但历代学者对罗、计都的天文含义理解各不相同。本文通过对较早传入的密教经典《七曜攘灾诀》中罗、计都历表的分析，并结合现代月球运动理论推算，考定罗、计都的天文本义为：罗为白道升交点；计都为白道远地点。     

Hydrochemical characteristics of typical rivers in a temperate glacier basin, China

This study focused on the chemical compositions of the rivers around Yulong Mountain, one of the typical monsoonal temperate glacier regions in China. Water samples were collected from Baishui, Sanshu and Geji hydrological stations around Mt. Yulong during rainy season. The chemical analyses indicated that the river water around Mt. Yulong was characterized by high pH values (>8.0) and EC values varied from 36.4 to 71.7 μS/cm with an average of 52.6 μS/cm. Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were the dominant cations, together accounting for about 90 % of the total cations. HCO₃ ^?, followed by SO₄ ^2?, was the dominant anion. Obvious variations had been perceived during the rainy season. River water chemistry in rainy season was mainly influenced by precipitation and rock weathering. The proportions of Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and SO₄ ^2? from precipitation in river water were 23.44, 9.66, 3.10, 17.81 and 10.48 %, respectively. In addition, the ion characteristics of river water were mainly influenced by carbonate weathering. The human activities should not be ignored though its influence was little.     

Geochemical characteristics and environmental significance of Talede loess–paleosol sequences of Ili Basin in Central Asia

The loess–paleosol deposit in Central Asia is a sensitive indicator of the evolution of the quaternary paleoclimate in the Westerlies, providing insight into the quaternary climate history and its relationship with global climatic changes. Based on the geochemical analysis of elemental composition of densely sampled strata from Talede loess–paleosol sequence in the Ili Basin, the results showed that SiO₂ had the highest major elements content, followed by Al₂O₃. The order of compositional abundance of major elements was generally as follows: SiO₂ > Al₂O₃ > CaO > Fe₂O₃ > MgO > Na₂O > K₂O. Trace elements (i.e. Rb, Sr, Sc, Ni, Cu, Ga, Mo, Y, Pb, Th) in the paleosol layers (i.e. S ₀, S _m, S ₁) and the loess layer of L ₁ were enriched relative to underlain loess (L ₂) horizons, except for the contents of Zr, Cs, Nd, and La in paleosol layers. All of geochemical proxies, such as enrichment factor, Rb/Sr ratio, eluvial coefficient (K _i ) and chemical weathering index, display no obvious differentiation in the Talede loess–paleosol deposit. The results indicate that the weak chemical weathering, greater evaporation and low effective moisture in Ili Basin, are to a degree weaker than those in the China Loess Plateau and the climate was warm–dry during the interglacial period. In addition, the loess of Ili area is rich in schistose minerals and implies that the loess may come from the deserts of Central Asia and it may be closely related to the widespread aridification of Central Asia.     

The Features of Climate Variation and Glacier Response in Mt.Yulong,Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

The Features of climate change in Mt.Yulong, southeasten Tibetan Plateau were analyzed using linear regression, Mann Kendall abrupt test and Morlet wavelet analyses. In addition, the relationship between glacier retreating (Baishui Glacier No.1) and climate warming wasalso analyzed in this study. The main results are showedas follow: ① The annual mean temperature, precipitation have an increasing trend, withinclination rates being 0.15℃/10a and 9.0 mm/10a;annual temperaturedramatically ascend in 1998 with the change values 0.7 ℃; Morlet waveletsin annual temperature andtemperature in dry season mainly have a 10 to 15 year periods,while annual precipitation amount and the precipitation in rainy season presented a quasi 10 year periods. ②Prior to 1998, the important meteorological factor influencing the change of Baishui Glacier No.1 are temperature and precipitation, while in the following years, temperature plays a more important role in affecting its retreat and advance; The main characteristic ofvertical climate change in Mt. Yulong (1982/2009) is that the cold season shortens and temperature rises with elevation, and the maximal value of increased temperature in glacier zone is 2.2~2.5 ℃, resulting in greatly accelerated glacier ablation.     

The 2010 Zhouqu mudflow disaster: possible causes, human contributions, and lessons learned

On August 7, 2010, a giant mudflow occurred in Zhouqu County, in China’s Gansu Province. It killed at least 1,467 people and destroyed many buildings. The extensive damage resulted partially from the impact of the swift mudflow, and partially from subsequent flooding caused by damming of the Bailong River, creating a lake. The mudflow had both internal and external causes. We discuss these in detail from the perspective of their relationship to human activities, with the goal of helping to provide advance warning of such disasters in the future.