内蒙古锡林郭勒杂岩解体及表壳岩系年代确定

近年来,对中亚造山带中是否存在微地块有诸多不同看法,其中对广泛出露的锡林郭勒杂岩的时代和原岩认识存在较大的分歧。经大比例尺填图和详细露头解剖发现,它囊括了不同岩类、不同变质程度、不同构造样式和形成时代的地质体。文中建议将其解体,对其中被厘定的表壳岩命名为＂锡林浩特岩群＂,这是一套达到角闪岩相变质的夹有火山岩和磁铁石英岩...     

论城市地质研究与土地利用规划评价

作者回顾了地质勘查工作的发展历史，结合城市化和可持续发展的需求和挑战，指出城市地质工作的必要性，进而阐述了城市地质工作的概念、内容及其与土地利用规划评价的关系。并就城市地质工作的思路、方法及组织管理提出了设想。     

X荧光勘查金矿技术的应用与进展

本文介绍了 X荧光勘查金矿技术及找金成果 ,并论述了该技术的进展     

Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (II): isotopic geochemistry and implications for crustal growth in the Phanerozoic

NE China is the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). The area is distinguished by widespread occurrence of Phanerozoic granitic rocks. In the companion paper (Part I), we established the Jurassic ages (184–137 Ma) for three granitic plutons: Xinhuatun, Lamashan and Yiershi. We also used geochemical data to argue that these rocks are highly fractionated I-type granites. In this paper, we present Sr–Nd–O isotope data of the three plutons and 32 additional samples to delineate the nature of their source, to determine the proportion of mantle to crustal components in the generation of the voluminous granitoids and to discuss crustal growth in the Phanerozoic.

Despite their difference in emplacement age, Sr–Nd isotopic analyses reveal that these Jurassic granites have common isotopic characteristics. They all have low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7045±0.0015), positive _Nd(T) values (+1.3 to +2.8), and young Sm–Nd model ages (720–840 Ma). These characteristics are indicative of juvenile nature for these granites. Other Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic granites in this region also show the same features. Sr–Nd and oxygen isotopic data suggest that the magmatic evolution of the granites can be explained in terms of two-stage processes: (1) formation of parental magmas by melting of a relatively juvenile crust, which is probably a mixed lithology formed by pre-existing lower crust intruded or underplated by mantle-derived basaltic magma, and (2) extensive magmatic differentiation of the parental magmas in a slow cooling environment.

The widespread distribution of juvenile granitoids in NE China indicates a massive transfer of mantle material to the crust in a post-orogenic tectonic setting. Several recent studies have documented that juvenile granitoids of Paleozoic to Mesozoic ages are ubiquitous in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, hence suggesting a significant growth of the continental crust in the Phanerozoic.     

吉林南部太古宙英云闪长质片麻岩类的特征及成因

吉林南部太古宙英云闪长质片麻岩类主要由石英闪长质、英云闪长质、花岗闪长质和奥长花岗质片麻岩组成。地质学、岩相学、地球化学研究表明，它们是同源岩浆通过结晶分异作用形成的，最主要的分离矿物相是角闪石和斜长石。岩浆来源于下地壳角闪质岩石的部分熔融作用。     

强度折减法在某核电站泵房边坡分析中的应用

对边坡稳定性分别采用按极限平衡法、有限元强度折减法进行二维分析,通过对比计算结果来验证强度折减法分析的准确性与可行性。针对边坡开挖与加固及隧洞开挖的三维效应,采用三维弹塑性有限元强度折减法分析计算边坡的稳定性,计算分析了开挖完成、支护完成条件下边坡安全系数、位移分布、主应力分布、等效塑性应变区和潜在滑动面。结果表明,支护加固可较大提高边坡的稳定安全系数,三维强度折减法分析在岩土工程领域具有明显优势。     

遥感技术在植物物候研究中的应用综述

通过遥感技术研究植物物候现象的机理分析,认为植被指数可反映植被各物候期的特征。国内外在探测植物生长季始末日期、花期变化、净第一性生产力变化、全球碳收支等方面的研究促进了植物物候的发展;同样物候研究也可提高遥感影像植物分类和作物估产的精度,同时可促进高光谱遥感的发展。通过我国物候研究从传统的农林业应用转向注重遥感探测、生态学应用的现状分析,展望了我国物候发展方向：关注植物生长季始末时间的时空分布规律;遥感监测植物季相变化;遥感监测植物花期;注重探讨植物生理和生态特征;植物高光谱遥感物候研究;重视物候科普普及工作。     

导向钻进非开挖铺管施工扩回钻头的设计改进

针对导向钻进非开挖铺设地下管线施工中回扩钻头存在的口径大、包泥堵钻、进尺缓慢、切削齿不耐磨等问题,对钻头结构进行了研究,并从导向钻头、出水口、刮刀、切削齿等四个方面对钻头进行了改进。改进后的回扩孔钻头既有利于切入地层,具有导向和稳定作用,又具有切削阻力低、强度高、耐磨性好的优点,极大的提高了钻进效率。经多项工程检查,扩孔钻头平均单孔耐磨翼片磨损量为1.2～1.75mm,平均〈0.5mm/km。     

安哥拉Huila省Bonga碳酸岩型铌矿床烧绿石地球化学组成、演化及其与岩浆热液作用过程的关系

安哥拉Bonga碳酸岩型烧绿石矿床是一个重要的铌矿床,烧绿石是碳酸岩中主要的含Nb矿物。Bonga碳酸岩中发育了5种类型(阶段)的烧绿石(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)。其中烧绿石Ⅰ为岩浆(原生)烧绿石,其余为热液交代形成的烧绿石。烧绿石Ⅰ与氟磷灰石共生,以富Nb贫Ta、Ca、Na占A位和F占满Y位为特征,烧绿石的结晶和Nb、Ta等高场强元素的含量受碳酸岩浆中挥发分F和H2O的控制。Bonga环带烧绿石发育,多为原生的岩浆震荡环带烧绿石遭受了后期低温热液作用改造而成,具有岩浆振荡环带结构和热液烧绿石的化学特征。高温的热液过程中岩浆烧绿石被烧绿石Ⅱ交代,以F和Na含量的降低,Ca含量基本不变,A空位急剧增多为特征。而在稍低的温度下,经热液作用交代形成了烧绿石Ⅳ(A空位高,其他占位元素少)。最晚阶段富Sr的烧绿石Ⅲ(Sr含量较高)和烧绿石Ⅴ形成于相对低温的热液作用过程中,与石英、菱锶矿等热液矿物共生,Sr可能来源于对岩浆碳酸盐矿物的热液交代作用。在整个热液作用过程中,Bonga的烧绿石可能存在以下元素替换机制：3Nb5++2Ca2+→2Si4++Fe3++2(U,Th)4+;2Nb5++Na++2Ca2+→Si4++Fe3++2(U,Th)4++A□。在更低温、氧化的条件下,烧绿石蚀变形成大量的含铌金红石和少量的易解石,此过程中释放出Ce和Th等,形成独居石、氟碳钙铈矿、氟碳铈矿、Sr REE磷酸盐矿物和方钍石等。此外,还发现了含铌针铁矿,显示Bonga烧绿石中的Nb在表生条件下发生了迁移。     

1982-2006年中国东部春季植被变化(英文)

Vegetation greenness is a key indicator of terrestrial vegetation activity. To under-stand the variation in vegetation activity in spring across eastern China (EC), we analysed the variation in the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from April to May during 1982-2006. The regional mean NDVI across EC increased at the rate of 0.02/10yr (r2=0.28; p=0.024) prior to 1998; the increase ceased, and the NDVI dropped to a low level thereafter. However, the processes of variation in the NDVI were different from one region to another. In the North China Plain, a cultivated area, the NDVI increased (0.03/10yr; r2=0.52; p<0.001) from 1982 to 2006. In contrast, the NDVI decreased (-0.02/10yr; r2=0.24; p=0.014) consecu-tively from 1982 to 2006 in the Yangtze River and Pearl River deltas, two regions of rapid urbanisation. In the eastern region of the Inner Mongolian Plateau and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in East China, the NDVI increased prior to 1998 and decreased thereafter. In the Hulun Buir area and the southern part of the Yangtze River Basin, the NDVI increased prior to 1998 and remained static thereafter. The NDVI in the grasslands and croplands in the semi-humid and semi-arid areas showed a significant positive correlation with precipitation, while the NDVI in the woodlands in the humid to semi-humid areas showed a significant positive correlation with temperature. As much as 60% of the variation in the NDVI was ex-plained by either precipitation or temperature.