西安市气候变暖与城市热岛效应问题研究

选取1961—2003年西安站和周围4站月平均气温资料, 利用西安站与周围4站气温距平滑动平均变化趋势的差异, 发现该站平均气温有两个明显的上升期, 热岛效应使西安站平均升温1.07 ℃, 并建立了西安市城市热岛效应模型。在此基础上分离了气候变暖过程中由于城市热岛效应引起的增温作用。     

基于同名点对的小面元影像微分纠正及融合方法

多源遥感影像数据融合是提高海量遥感影像数据利用率，获取更多决策辅助信息的有效手段之一。目前一些商业遥感图像处理软件在进行多源遥感影像融合时，存在效率低、精度难以达到实用要求等问题。本文提卅了基于图像线特征的遥感影像精确配准、纠正、融合新方法，该方法运用线特征算法提取图像边缘特征点作为控制点，然后通过全自动图像匹配获取密集同名点对，由这些同名点对构成密集三角网（小面元）实现影像精确配准；最后进行影像纠正融合处理。大量实践表明，该方法是一种高效实用、高精度的遥感影像配准、纠正、融合方法，能大大改善山区等特殊地区的配准精度。     

"地震数值模拟的数据库应用平台"项目成果介绍

利用计算机模拟复杂的系统和过程,是当今世界科技发展的新潮流,在地学领域,数值模拟已经渗透到地学研究的各个重大领域。本项目提出建立一个用于地震模拟和预报的数据库应用平台,以地壳动力学研究和强震机理研究为应用核心,将地震地质研究、地形变研究、地应力研究、地球内部结构研究等多种相关的学科手段的观测资料、实验结果和理论分析有机地结合起来,实现技术和数据资源的共享。利用这些信息构建比较合理的地球模型和尽可能多的约束条件,并在有限元分析系统上进行地壳形变和地震过程的数值模拟。     

改进的传染型余震序列模型

将有限幂律公式（LPL）应用到传染型余震序列模型（ETAS）中，并对原ETAS模型加以改进。以台湾集集地震早期余震序列为例，对原ETAS模型与改进的ETAS模型进行了对比分析，结果表明改进的ETAS模型要优于原ETAS模型。     

Air–sea coupling in the North Atlantic during summer

In this work, we have investigated the evolution of the summer air–sea interaction in the North Atlantic Ocean and the physical processes involved using reanalysis data and model simulation. It is found that an atmosphere disturbance over the North Atlantic Ocean in the preceding winter favors the build-up of a North Atlantic horseshoe-like sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) pattern in the summer through modifying the northeast trade winds and changing ocean upwelling and downwelling. The changed ocean condition (SSTA, upwelling, and downwelling) further intensifies the atmosphere disturbance as a positive feedback. The thermal advection of the atmosphere disturbance weakens the SSTA pattern in the following autumn and winter. The anomalous circulation associated with the air–sea interaction in the observations is characterized by a barotropic structure in the middle and high latitudes of the North Atlantic Ocean. The baroclinic component is enhanced in the model simulation, particularly in the seasons from summer to winter. The life cycle of the air–sea interaction is about 1 year in both the observations and simulations.     

爆破动力作用下边坡稳定性的积分解法与应用

岩质边坡在爆破开挖过程中的稳定问题是一个亟待解决的重要问题。对实际工程进行监测,得到适合该地区的能反应高程效应的爆破地震波传播规律,并采用拟静力法计算爆破地震惯性力,提出边坡在爆破动力作用下稳定安全系数的新计算方法———积分法,同时使用MATLAB程序搜索边坡最危险滑裂面并计算最小安全系数。实例证明,此方法是分析边坡动力稳定性的有效方法之一。     

湿度小的晴夜成霜分析

通过对滑县2005年12月两次低湿天气条件下成霜个例分析发现，在相对湿度较小的晴夜，只要地面或近地物有足够的辐射冷却条件、贴地层有适当的水汽供应，仍可有霜形成。     

滑坡地质灾害治理工程勘查的实践——以浙江省余姚市大俞村滑坡为例

通过大俞村滑坡灾害勘查方法、地质环境条件的论述,通过滑坡形成原因和机理的分析、滑坡体发生、发展趋势的预测、滑坡体的稳定性和危害程度的评价和计算等,阐述了滑坡地质灾害勘查的一般步骤和内容,对同类工作具有借鉴意义。     

Flat rare earth element patterns as an indicator of cumulate processes in the Lesser Qinling carbonatites, China

The Lesser Qinling carbonatite dykes are mainly composed of calcites. They are characterized by unusually high heavy rare earth element concentrations (HREE; e.g. Yb > 30 ppm) and flat to weakly light rare earth element (LREE) enriched chondrite-normalized patterns (La/Yb_n = 1.0–5.5), which is in marked contrast with all other published carbonatite data. The trace element contents of calcite crystals were measured in situ by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Some crystals show reduced LREE from core to rim, whereas their HREE compositions are relatively constant. The total REE contents and chondrite-normalized REE patterns from the cores of carbonate crystals are similar to those of the whole rock. The carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of calcites fall within the range of primary, mantle-derived carbonatites. The initial Sr isotopic compositions (0.70480–0.70557) of calcites are consistent with an EM1 source or mixing between HIMU and EM1 mantle sources. However these sources cannot produce carbonatite parental magmas with a flat or slightly LREE enrichment pattern by low degrees of partial melting. Analyses of carbonates from other carbonatites show that carbonates have nearly flat REE pattern if they crystallize from a LREE enriched carbonatite melt. This implies that when carbonates crystallize from a carbonatite melt the calcite/melt partition coefficients (D) for HREE are much greater than the D for the LREE. The nearly flat REE patterns of the Lesser Qinling carbonatites can be explained if they are carbonate cumulates that contain little trapped carbonatite melt. Strong enrichment of HREE in the carbonatites may require their derivation by small degrees of melting from a garnet-poor source.