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181.
182.
- The dynamic response behaviors of upright breakwaters under broken wave impact are analysed based on the mass-damper-spring dynamic system model. The effects of the mass, damping, stiffness, natural period, and impulse duration (or oscillation period) on the translation, rotation, sliding force, overturning moment, and corresponding dynamic amplifying factors are studied. It is concluded that the ampli-ying factors only depend on the ratio of the system natural period to impulse duration (or oscillation period) under a certain damping ratio. Moreover, the equivalent static approach to breakwater design is also discussed. 相似文献
183.
184.
The Magellan seamounts began forming as large submarine shield volcanoes south of the equator during the Cretaceous. These
volcanoes formed as a cluster on the small Pacific plate in a period when tectonic stress was absent. Thermal subsidence of
the seafloor led to sinking of these volcanoes and the formation of guyots as the seamounts crossed the equatorial South Pacific
(10–0°S) sequentially and ocean surface temperatures became too high for calcareous organisms to survive. Guyot formation
was completed between about 59 and 45 Ma and the guyots became phosphatized at about 39–34 and 27–21 Ma. Ferromanganese crusts
began formation as proto-crusts on the seamounts and guyots of the Magellan Seamount cluster towards the end of the Cretaceous
up to 55 Ma after the formation of the seamounts themselves. The chemical composition of these crusts evolved over time in
a series of steps in response to changes in global climate and ocean circulation. The great thickness of these crusts (up
to 15–20 cm) reflects their very long period of growth. The high Co contents of the outer parts of the crusts are a consequence
of the increasing deep circulation of the ocean and the resulting deepening of the oxygen minimum zone with time. Growth of
the Co-rich Mn crusts in the Magellan Seamount cluster can be considered to be the culmination of a long journey through time. 相似文献
185.
Ryoko Tokeshi Kaoru Ichikawa Satoshi Fujii Kenji Sato Shoichiro Kojima 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(4):711-720
A method to extract geostrophic current in the daily mean HF radar data in the Kuroshio upstream region is established by
comparison with geostrophic velocity determined from the along-track altimetry data. The estimated Ekman current in the HF
velocity is 1.2% (1.5%) and 48° (38°)-clockwise rotated with respect to the daily mean wind in (outside) the Kuroshio. Furthermore,
additional temporal smoothing is found necessary to remove residual ageostrophic currents such as the inertial oscillation.
After removal of the ageostrophic components, the HF geostrophic velocity agrees well with that from the altimetry data with
rms difference 0.14 (0.12) m/s in (outside) the Kuroshio. 相似文献
186.
The origin and biogeochemistry of organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Shihwa and Lake Hwaong
To understand the origin and biogeochemistry of the organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Shihwa and Lake Hwaong, organic
nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen, labile organic carbon, and residual organic carbon contents as well as stable isotope ratios
for carbon and nitrogen were determined by KOBr-KOH treatment. Ratios of organic carbon to organic nitrogen (Corg/Norg) (mean = 24) were much higher than ratios of organic carbon to total nitrogen (Corg/Ntot) (mean=12), indicating the presence of significant amounts of inorganic nitrogen in the surface sediments of both lakes.
Stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen were, on average, 5.2‰ heavier than ratios of inorganic nitrogen in Lake Shihwa,
but those same ratios were comparable in Lake Hwaong. This might be due to differences in the origin or the degree of degradation
of sedimentary organic matter between the two lakes. In addition, stable isotope ratios for labile organic carbon were, on
average, 1.4‰ heavier than those for residual organic carbon, reflecting the preferential oxidation of13C-enriched organic matter. The present study demonstrates that KOBr-KOH treatment of sedimentary organic matter can provide
valuable information for understanding the origin and degradation state of organic matter in marine and brackish sediments.
This also suggests that the ratio of Corg/Norg and stable isotope ratios for organic nitrogen can be used as indexes of the degree of degradation of organic matter. 相似文献
187.
188.
Error sources which decrease the accuracy of GPS in absolute velocity determination have been changed since SA was turned off. Firstly, quantities of all kinds of error sources that influence velocity determination are analyzed. The potential accuracy of GPS absolute velocity determination is derived from both theory and field GPS data simulation. After that, two tests were carried out to evaluate the performance of GPS absolute velocity determination in the case of a static and an airborne GPS receiver and INS (Inertial Navigation System) instrument in kinematic mode. In static mode, the receiver velocity has been estimated to be several mm/s with the carrier-phase derived Doppler measurements, and several cm/s with the receiver generated Doppler measurements. In kinematic mode, GPS absolute velocity estimates are compared with the synchronized measurements from the high accuracy INS. The root mean square statistics of the velocity discrepancies between GPS and INS come up to dm/s. Moreover, it has a strong correlation with the acceleration or jerk of the aircraft. 相似文献
189.
最近在广西崇左三合大洞发现了步氏巨猿和似人似猿共生的新层位,与之伴生的有52种小哺乳动物,占三合大洞巨猿动物群总数的62%,其中苏门答腊兔(Nesolagus)是东南亚地区首次发现的化石。小哺乳动物群以南方早更新世常见的偏皮氏毛耳飞鼠(Belomys parapearsoni)、中间猪尾鼠(Typhlomys intermedius)、拟低冠竹鼠(Rhizomys brachyrhizomyoides)、硕豪猪(Hystrix magna)、先社鼠(Niviventer preconfucianus)、拟爱氏巨鼠(Leopoldamysedwardioidesi)等为代表,根据小哺乳动物群性质和与其他动物群对比以及磁性地层年代测定,表明其时代应是早更新世中期(约距今120160万年前)。该动物群由树鼩、扁颅蝠、小彩蝠、飞松鼠、笔尾树鼠、猪尾鼠等几乎是旧大陆热带-亚热带森林型动物组成,缺少北方类型,基本上属于热带森林动物群,这表明了当时的自然景观为温暖湿润的热带雨林环境。三合大洞小哺乳动物群是广西地区的首次发现,对华南早更新世巨猿动物群详细划分,探讨步氏巨猿演化和早期人类环境背景等目前科学界关注的问题具有重要的意义。 相似文献
190.
Geochronological studies on the crust-derived Tianmenshan pluton were undertaken by SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating and Ar-Ar dating of biotite, muscovite and K-feldspar, giving a petrogenetic age of 167 Ma. Owing to the closure systems in different minerals, the cooling history of the pluton can be determined with an age-temperature diagram. The late hydrothermal event has been recognized, which is related probably with mineralization. In terms of the comparative geochronological and petrologic records, it is concluded that there are some constrains on tectonic evolution and that the formation of the Tianmenshan pluton proceeded in a transition period from Indosinian post-orogeny extension to strong compressive tectonics. And the timing of the hydrothermal event matches the compressive climax of the Yanshanian orogeny. The temporal gap between granite emplacement and wolframite mineralization could last 10-20 Ma owing to the low cooling rate of the pluton. 相似文献