华南区域季节性降水的差异分析

运用EOF方法研究华南区域降水时空分布特征,结果表明：（1）华南地区各季节降水在年际和年代际的时间变化上有区域一致性,但有季节性差异,其中春季和秋季在20世纪80年代后降水明显减少,旱年增多;而夏季90年代后降水明显增加,涝年增多;冬季变化则不明显。（2）华南地区各季节降水在空间分布上也有差异,其中春季降水呈现东多西少的分布特征,大值中心位于广西东北部、广东中部及西南沿海。夏季和秋季降水相似,呈南多北少的分布特征,大值中心位于广西沿海和广东西南沿海。冬季降水呈东北多西南少的分布特征,大值中心位于粤北。     

Statistical estimation of high-resolution surface air temperature from MODIS over the Yangtze River Delta,China

High-resolution surface air temperature data are critical to regional climate modeling in terms of energy balance, urban climate change, and so on. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) to estimate air temperature at a high resolution over the Yangtze River Delta region, China. It is found that daytime LST is highly correlated with maximum air temperature, and the linear regression coefficients vary with the type of land surface. The air temperature at a resolution of 1 km is estimated from the MODIS LST with linear regression models. The estimated air temperature shows a clear spatial structure of urban heat islands. Spatial patterns of LST and air temperature differences are detected, indicating maximum differences over urban and forest regions during summer. Validations are performed with independent data samples, demonstrating that the mean absolute error of the estimated air temperature is approximately 2.5°C, and the uncertainty is about 3.1°C, if using all valid LST data. The error is reduced by 0.4°C (15%) if using best-quality LST with errors of less than 1 K. The estimated high-resolution air temperature data have great potential to be used in validating high-resolution climate models and other regional applications.     

IAP GCM模式大气波谱结构及其在厄尔尼诺年的异常

本文分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气环流模式(IAP GCM)模式大气波谱结构(沿纬圈的谐波波谱和时域上的频率谱)及其在厄尔尼诺年的异常。结果表明,超长波是低纬波动的主要空间形式,准40天振荡在一定地理区域内显著存在,并与观测结果有一定联系,它们在厄尔尼诺年均发生明显异常。本工作对鉴定GCM性能及开发GCM的研究领域可能是一种有益的尝试。     

Comparison of manual and automatic methods for measurement of methane emission from rice paddy fields

The methane emission flux from rice paddies was simultaneously measured with automatic and manual methods in the suburban of Suzhou. Both methods were based on the static chamber/ GC-FID techniques. Detail analysis of the experimental results indicates: a) The data of methane emission measured with the automatic method is reliable. b) About 11 or 19 o’clock of local time is recommended as the optimum sampling time for the manual spot measurement of methane emission from rice paddies. The methane emission fluxes measured by manual sampling at local time other than the optimum time have to be corrected. The correction coefficient may be determined by automatic and continuous measurement. c) In order to get a more accurate result, an empirical correction factor, such as 18%, is recommended to correct the seasonally total amount of measured methane emission by enlarging the au-tomatically measured data or reducing the manually measured ones.     

天山乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川消融对气候变化的响应

目前气候变暖导致的冰川退缩,引起了全世界的广泛关注。 以新疆天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为例,根据1958年以来的观测资料,研究了冰川消融对气候变化的响应。结果表明,近50 a来冰川在表面粒雪特征、成冰带、冰川温度、面积、厚度及末端位置等方面发生了显著变化,而这些变化均与气温的升高有着密切的联系;20世纪80年代以来的快速升温,使冰川的退缩出现了加速趋势,冰川融水径流量也呈加速增大趋势。     

我国水华蓝藻的新类群——阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)生理特性

阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)是水华蓝藻的重要类群,实验对我国不同省份分离到的5株阿氏浮丝藻生长速率、色素组成、光合活性参数进行了测定.结果表明分离于广州的HABll28叶绿素a(Chla)含量较低,藻蓝蛋白(c-Pc)比例和含量较高.电子传递速率(ETR)测定结果表明,HABIl28的ETR曲线较高,最大ETRme值也显著高于其余4株,高效的光能电子传递链弥补了光合色素Chla的不足,以致HABIl28保持了中性的生长速率.分离于武汉东湖的HAB631则与之正好相反,较高的ChLa受限于光能电子传递链的薄弱,生长速率表现较低.分离于北京、上海、昆明的3株藻株在各项生理指标上无显著差异.     

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??GPS?????????ALOS PALSAR??????????Mw7.9????InSAR????α????????У??????????????????InSAR LOS???????ж??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ???????????????????????????????????????????GPS???У????InSAR????α???????????????????α??????????InSAR?α??????5cm??     

双棘黄姑鱼血清性类固醇激素的周年变化

采用放射免疫法(RIA)测定双棘黄姑鱼(Nibea diacanthus)血清性类固醇激素的周年变化。结果表明:雌鱼血清雌二醇(Estadiol-17β)浓度一年出现两次峰值,均在成熟产卵前一个月,即4月[(338±59)pg/mL]和9月[(296±48)pg/mL];血清睾酮(T)浓度在卵黄发生期急剧上升,并在卵巢成熟期达到最高值,分别是5月(2.506±0.262 ng/mL)和10月份(2.268±0.243 ng/mL),分别在血清雌二醇浓度两次峰值出现1个月之后,因此,雌鱼的血清雌二醇浓度和血清睾酮浓度均与性腺发育相关。雄鱼血清睾酮浓度的两次峰值均出现在性腺已发育成熟的5月份(2.307±0.792 ng/mL)和10月份(2.286±0.607 ng/mL),与性腺发育有明显的相关性;而血清雌二醇浓度全年维持在一个相对稳定的水平,与雄性性腺发育相关性不明显。     

Deriving Changjiang coastal zone wind from C-band SAR and its application to salinity simulation

Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images.     

东非海岸坦桑尼亚和鲁伍马盆地天然气成藏机理

东非海岸盆地天然气资源丰富,是世界天然气勘探的热点地区.东非海岸重点盆地的天然气为腐泥型高温裂解气,主要来源于下侏罗统局限海相优质烃源岩.大型断裂控制了东非海岸重点盆地天然气的垂向运移,研究区主要发育大型伸展断裂和大型走滑断裂.大型走滑断裂是坦桑尼亚盆地南部天然气藏的主要运移通道,其主要活动时期为晚白垩世-古新世,控制...