Preface to the special issue “Tectonics and depositional infilling of western Pacific marginal sea”

Marine Geophysical Research -     

中国南极长城湾及附近海区1993/1994年夏季表层水样无机氮、磷酸盐的浓度及其分布状况

1993／1994年南极夏季对中国南极长城湾及附近海区表层海水四种营养盐浓度及其分布状况作了调查。结果表明，NH4－N、NO3－N、NO2－N及PO4－P的大致浓度分别是2．13、7．07、0．74和1．12μg·dm-3。一般来说，湾内高于湾外氮盐于12月份常出现高值。四种形态的无机盐类之最高、最低浓度出现的时间和站位不尽一致。∑N／P递减次序大致是12月，2月，1月。水温变化与NH4－N、PO4－P浓度和∑N／P的变化常较一致，而与NO2－N则常不一，一些站位上营养盐浓度偏低可能与浮游植物摄取有关。结果显示了调研海区的浅水内湾特征。浮游植物所需营养充分。该湾仍维持正常状态。     

A numerical study of mechanical behavior of a cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching

Based on relevant experimental data of a petroleum cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching, an elastic‐plastic model is first proposed by taking into account plastic shearing and pore collapse. The degradation of mechanical properties induced by the chemical leaching is characterized by a chemical damage variable which is defined as the increase of porosity. Both elastic and plastic properties of the cement paste are affected by the chemical damage. The proposed model is calibrated from and applied to describe mechanical responses in triaxial compression tests respectively on sound and fully leached samples. In the second part, a phenomenological chemical model is defined to establish the relationship between porosity change and calcium dissolution process. The dissolution kinetics is governed by a diffusion law taking into account the variation of diffusion coefficient with calcium concentration. The chemical model is coupled with the mechanical model, and both are applied to describe mechanical response of cement paste samples subjected to progressive chemical leaching and compressive stresses. Comparisons between experimental data and numerical results are presented.     

In‐situ analysis of trace elements and Sr–Pb isotopes of K‐feldspars from Tongshankou Cu–Mo deposit,SE Hubei Province,China: Insights into early potassic alteration of the porphyry mineralization system

In the Tongshankou porphyry deposit (SE Hubei Province, South China), three types of K‐feldspars are recognized: (I) the phenocryst type in the porphyry that crystalized during the magmatic stage, (II) the megacryst type and (III) the vein type in the altered porphyry and orebody that was produced by hydrothermal fluids. A detailed in‐situ analysis of trace elements and Sr–Pb isotopes was carried out on K‐feldspars in an attempt to unravel their formation processes and to trace the element sources during potassic alteration. The Type III K‐feldspars show lower Sr contents and Sr‐isotope ratios but higher Pb contents and Pb‐isotope ratios than the Type I and II K‐feldspars, possibly reflecting a contribution from the country carbonate rocks with less radiogenic Sr but more radiogenic Pb sources, and indicate that the ore‐forming fluids and materials may have been partially derived from external sources such as the host sedimentary rocks during the early potassic alteration stage.     

复杂应力路径下流体饱和砂岩本构模型

高孔隙率砂岩在不同围压及被不同流体（水及油）饱和时表现出不同的应力-应变特性及不同的破坏过程。复杂应力路径下油和水饱和砂岩的力学试验表明,存在某一临界围压,随着围压的增加,饱和砂岩从以压剪破坏为主,逐渐转变为以孔隙坍塌破坏为主的破坏机制。通过力学试验结果的分析,以两种破坏理论对油和水饱和砂岩的破坏特征进行了力学解释,并应用经典塑性力学的盖帽模型建立了相应的本构模型,应用非线性有限元法进行了数值验证,研究结果表明,提出的模型与试验资料吻合良好,能较好地模拟复杂应力路径下油和水饱和砂岩的破坏机制及模拟注水采油引起的砂岩附加沉降。     

盐津5.1级地震现场调查与烈度分布

对盐津5．1级地震现场38个居民点、20所学校、8个卫生院（室）及计生站、21项生命线工程及水利工程结构、文化旅游设施和铁路等的震害调查资料进行了分析,得出了本次地震的等烈度分布及有关参数。分析了场地条件、断层、震害异常原因及各类房屋、生命线工程、水利设施等的震害特征和地质灾害特点,并提出了灾区恢复重建的减灾措施和建议。     

论宏观震中及其快速估定方法

宏观震中与微观震中不仅是概念上的差别,在实际观测结果中也存在不容忽视的差距。宏观震中还可代表震源区和地震波能量辐射的中心。宏观震中在抗震救灾、震害预测、地震地质和工程地震研究等方面,具有无可替代的重要作用。在灾害性地震发生后,可由余震分布来快速估定重灾区范围和宏观震中,将有助于提高抗震救灾效率。     

大连地磁台天文方位角测量

论述大连地磁台天文方位角的测量原理、方法及观测结果,在地磁观测室未封顶的条件下,能在观测墩直接观测北极星,避免比测墩转角换算等因素增加的观测误差,观测精度提高.     

Isolation of 12 microsatellite markers following a pyrosequencing procedure and cross-priming in two invasive cryptic species, Alexandrium catenella (group IV) and A. tamarense (group III) (Dinophyceae)

Alexandrium catenella (group IV) and Alexandrium tamarense (group III) (Dinophyceae) are two cryptic invasive phytoplankton species belonging to the A. tamarense species complex. Their worldwide spread is favored by the human activities, transportation and climate change. In order to describe their diversity in the Mediterranean Sea and understand their settlements and maintenances in this area, new microsatellite markers were developed based on Thau lagoon (France) samples of A. catenella and A. tamarense strains. In this study twelve new microsatellite markers are proposed. Five of these microsatellite markers show amplifications on A. tamarense and ten on A. catenella. Three of these 12 microsatellite markers allowed amplifications on both cryptic species. Finally, the haplotypic diversity ranged from 0.000 to 0.791 and 0.000 to 0.942 for A. catenella and A. tamarense respectively.