两方程湍流模型对内背风波数值模拟的影响

为了深入理解非静力近似下的波-湍相互作用问题,本研究在σ坐标的海洋环境研究和预报模型(MERF)中引入常用的Mellor-Yamada两方程湍混合参数化方案(MY2.5),评估垂向湍混合对小尺度背风波传播过程的影响.瞬时状态场的模拟结果表明,无论是否为非静力近似条件,上述湍参数化方案的引入都会减弱背风波传播的模拟效果.从时间平均场的试验结果来看,垂向湍混合过程会显著减小非静力近似和静力近似之间的差异.此外,能量收支分析的诊断结果表明,MY2.5方案会显著抑制陆坡地形下的背风波传播过程,进而将更多的潮能转化到不可逆的湍混合过程中.     

一种选取补偿最小二乘正则化参数的改进方法

为了改进半参数模型补偿最小二乘估计中的正则化参数选取方法,该文设计了3种方案:L-曲线法、虚拟观测法以及该文提出的改进方法以比较正则化参数的优劣。模拟算例表明,该文提出的改进方法可以有效评价正则化参数,得到的参数估值精度更高,是一种较为有效的选取补偿最小二乘最佳正则化参数的方法。     

A new evil waveforms evaluating method for new BDS navigation signals

With the advent of new global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) and new signals, GNSS users will rely more on them to obtain higher-accuracy positioning. Evil waveform monitoring and assessment are of great importance for GNSS to achieve its positioning, velocity, and timing service with high accuracy. However, the advent of new navigation signals introduces the necessity to extend the traditional analyzing techniques already accepted for binary phase-shift keying modulation to new techniques. First, the well-known second-order step thread model adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization is introduced. Then the extended new general thread models are developed for the new binary offset carrier modulated signals. However, no research has been done on navigation signal waveform symmetry yet. Simulation results showed that, waveform asymmetry may also cause tracking errors, range biases, and position errors in GNSS receivers. It is thus imperative that the asymmetry be quantified to enable the design of appropriate error budgets and mitigation strategies for various application fields. A novel evil waveform analysis method, called waveform rising and falling edge symmetry (WRaFES) method, is proposed. Based on this WRaFES method, the correlation metrics are provided to detect asymmetric correlation peaks distorted by received signal asymmetry. Then the statistical properties of the proposed methods are analyzed, and a proper deformation detection threshold is calculated. Finally, both simulation results and experimentally measured results of Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) M1-S B1Cd signal are given, which show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed thread models.     

Mapping hourly dynamics of urban population using trajectories reconstructed from mobile phone records

Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban population is crucial for addressing a wide range of urban planning and management issues. Aggregated geospatial big data have been widely used to quantitatively estimate population distribution at fine spatial scales over a given time period. However, it is still a challenge to estimate population density at a fine temporal resolution over a large geographical space, mainly due to the temporal asynchrony of population movement and the challenges to acquiring a complete individual movement record. In this article, we propose a method to estimate hourly population density by examining the time‐series individual trajectories, which were reconstructed from call detail records using BP neural networks. We first used BP neural networks to predict the positions of mobile phone users at an hourly interval and then estimated the hourly population density using log‐linear regression at the cell tower level. The estimated population density is linearly correlated with population census data at the sub‐district level. Trajectory clustering results show five distinct diurnal dynamic patterns of population movement in the study area, revealing spatially explicit characteristics of the diurnal commuting flows, though the driving forces of the flows need further investigation.     

区域综合地质调查助力乡村振兴的关键内容、战略路径与未来对策

区域综合地质调查是助力乡村振兴的基础性工作和重要技术支撑。本研究基于地质视角解读乡村振兴,围绕乡村人地安全、产业发展、地质文化、环境保护等方面进行剖析,提出地质灾害调查、工程地质评价、水文地质调查、农业地质调查、旅游地质遗迹调查等区域综合地质调查助力乡村振兴的关键内容;为提高助力效率效果,需做好项目顶层设计、制定乡村地区区域地质调查技术要求等标准、构建服务地方工作机制、开展系统人才培训培养等战略路径。未来乡村发展中,应进一步解决区域统筹部署与重点发展村镇选择、综合地质调查与乡村规划建设空间尺度匹配、综合地质调查和纵向专业性调查配合使用、工程地质评价与乡村地下空间集约利用、地质文化村建设与乡村规划建设衔接等问题,不断提高区域综合地质调查技术方法的服务能力,为乡村可持续振兴提供解决思路和方案。     

Performance evaluation of ensemble learning techniques for landslide susceptibility mapping at the Jinping county,Southwest China

Natural Hazards - The objective of this study is to investigate different ensemble learning techniques namely Bagging, Boosting, and Stacking for LSM at the Jinping county, Southwest China. Two...     

Effects of seismic force and pore water pressure on stability of 3D unsaturated hillslopes

Natural Hazards - Three-dimensional (3D) kinematic limit analysis of unsaturated hillslopes is presented in this paper. Different from the traditional two-dimensional (2D) mechanism based on the...     

Experimental Study on Stress Transfer and Fracture Law During the Hydraulic Fracturing of Coal Seams

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Hydraulic fracturing is a key technology for increasing the permeability of coal seams and improving the extraction effect of coalbed methane. Exploring...     

Identifying rainfall threshold of flash flood using entropy decision approach and hydrological model method

Natural Hazards - Flash flood disaster, with strong suddenness and tremendous destructiveness, is one of the most severe natural disasters in China that seriously threaten the lives and property...     

戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质调查中综合地球物理方法与实践

戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质填图是新时期地质调查工作的重点内容之一.覆盖区地质填图的基本目标包括两个方面,一是揭示覆盖层下伏基岩面地质结构,即填绘基岩面地质图;二是揭示覆盖层地质结构,包括地表覆盖层地质结构和覆盖层的三维地质结构.综合利用地球物理方法可以获得覆盖区地下地质结构、岩石属性、沉积物分布与层状结构等信息.而经济有效地选择和组合实施地球物理方法是完成覆盖区地质填图目标任务的重要保障.基于近年在新疆东天山地区开展的覆盖区地质填图工作,提出了针对多覆盖层结构背景下地质填图的综合地球物理方法组合的技术策略.综合地球物理方法以及新技术在巴里坤盆地和哈密盆地的应用展示了其效果,并为在戈壁荒漠覆盖区地质调查过程中如何开展地球物理工作提供了示范和借鉴.