Determination of Trace Silver in Polymetallic Ore Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Solid‐Phase Extraction Using a Microcolumn Comprising Eggshell Membrane

A rapid and inexpensive method was developed for the determination of trace silver in polymetallic ore samples by use of eggshell membrane (ESM), a natural biomaterial, as the solid‐phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The ESM was used for the separation/pre‐concentration of silver, and the parameters affecting sensitivity, such as pH, sample flow rate, eluent volume and eluent flow rate, were carefully investigated. ESM was found to be an effective solid phase extractant for the adsorption of trace silver over a wide range of acidity from 0.02 to 0.50 mol l^?1 HNO₃. The sample solution in 0.4 mol l^?1 HNO₃ was pumped through an ESM microcolumn at the rate of 1.0 ml min^?1. Silver was absorbed, and then eluted with a solution of 1.0% m/v thiourea–0.5% v/v HCl. Under these optimal conditions, ESM exhibited a good enrichment efficiency for silver with a dynamic adsorption capacity of 1.7 mg g^?1. The proposed method was applied to the FAAS determination of trace silver in polymetallic ores and geological reference materials, GSO‐2, 3 and 5, and GSD‐11, GSD‐12, and the determined values were in good agreement with certified values.     

Fluid evolution in the Rushan lode gold deposit of Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China

The Rushan gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula is currently the largest lode gold in China. Gold occurs mainly in pyrite- and polymetallic sulfide–quartz vein/veinlet stockworks. Fluid inclusions in the deposit are divided into three main types, namely CO₂–H₂O, H₂O–CO₂ ± CH₄ and aqueous ones. Microthermometric data show that the pre-gold fluids were CO₂-dominant (X_CO2 up to 0.53), and the total homogenization temperatures fall in the range of 298377 °C. These fluids, modified by fluid/wallrock reactions, gradually evolved into fluids with less CO₂ (X_CO2 = 0.010.19) in the main ore-forming stage, and the total homogenization temperatures range from 170 to 324 °C. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data suggest that ore-forming fluids were mixture of magmatic and meteoritic origin. Co-occurrence of gold and sulfides implies that gold was most likely transported in the form of gold–sulfide complexes. The wide distribution of CO₂ inclusions means that the pH variation during gold transportation was controlled by CO₂ buffering.     

南极中山站极光亚暴期间的I(557.7nm)/I(427.8nm)比值变化分析

对1999年4月8日南极中山站极光亚暴期间不同谱线的极光强度比值进行讨论,并据此讨论亚暴期间沉降粒子能量随时间变化的情况.得出I(557.7 nm)/I(427.8 nm)和I(630.0 nm)/I(427.8 nm)比值在平静时期分别在5-22和1-2.76之间变化,该变化不是由原子氧浓度空间分布变化所引起,而可能...     

Coupled surface water–groundwater model and its application in the arid Shiyang River basin,China

The planning and management of water resources in the Shiyang River basin, China require a tool for assessing the impact of groundwater and stream use on water supply reliabilities and improving many environment‐related problems such as soil desertification induced by recent water‐related human activities. A coupled model, integrating rule‐based lumped surface water model and distributed three‐dimensional groundwater flow model, has been established to investigate surface water and groundwater management scenarios that may be designed to restore the deteriorated ecological environment of the downstream portion of the Shiyang River basin. More than 66% of the water level among 24 observation wells have simulation error less than 1·0 m. The overall trend of the temporal changes of simulated and observed surface runoff at the Caiqi gauging station remains almost the same. The calibration was considered satisfactory. Initial frameworks for water allocation, including agricultural water‐saving projects, water diversion within the basin and inter‐basin water transfer, reducing agricultural irrigation area and surface water use instead of groundwater exploitation at the downstream were figured out that would provide a rational use of water resources throughout the whole basin. Sixteen scenarios were modelled to find out the most appropriate management strategies. The results showed that in the two selected management options, the groundwater budget at the Minqin basin was about 1·4 × 10⁸ m³/a and the ecological environment would be improved significantly, but the deficit existed at the Wuwei basin and the number was about 0·8 × 10⁸ m³/a. Water demand for domestic, industry and urban green area would be met in the next 30 years, but the water shortage for meeting the demand of agricultural water use in the Shiyang River basin was about 2·2 × 10⁸ m³/a. It is suggested that more inter‐basin water transfer should be required to obtain sustainable water resource use in the Shiyang River basin. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辽河三角洲地貌演化(英文)

This paper mainly analyzes the geomorphological changes of the tidal deposition in the Liaohe Estuary based on the multi-year bathymetric charts in 1990, 1996, 2002 and 2005 and Landsat TM images in 1987, 1994, 2002 and 2005. Evolution of the tidal depositional system during the past 20 years in the Liaohe River was studied on the basis of 50 boreholes drilling and 30 km shallow stratigraphic exploration from 2002 to 2005. The main tidal depositional body of the modern Liaohe River delta is located in the Shuangtaizihe Estuary. The stratum within the depth of 10 m includes tidal bank facies, tidal channel facies and neritic facies with paleo-delta facies underlying them. The sediments of tidal bank facies are mainly composed of sand and silt with siltation load and suspended load of about 50% respectively in proportion. The sediment of tidal channel facies and neritic facies is composed of clayey silt and silty clay which belongs to suspended load. The study area was a small bay between the old Daliaohe River, the old Dalinghe River and the Raoyanghe River complex delta since the Holocene to 1896. Many tidal banks formed and expanded rapidly after the Shuangtaizihe River was excavated by labor in 1896. The runoff and sediment discharge have decreased since the construction of brake at the Shuangtaizihe River in 1958.The Shuangtaizihe Estuary is in the state of deposition as a whole whose tidal bank is increasing and expanding southward, westward and northward. The maximum expansion speed is 87 to 683 m/a and the mean depositional rate is 0.189 m/a. Erosion occurred in some part of tidal bank with average erosional rate of 0.122 m/a. The tidal channel was filled up with sediment at a migration speed of 48–200 m/a. Geomorphologic changes have happened under the combined influences of runoff, ocean dynamics and human activities. The main source of sediment changes from river sediment to sediment driven by tidal current and longshore current.     

丹江断裂东段第四纪活动性及地震地质涵义

丹江口地区地震地质因修建丹江水库而得到深入研究,但针对断裂进行的系统性研究较少。通过对丹江断裂东段进行1：1万大比例条带状活动断裂填图,综合采用地质地貌调查、岩样年龄测试、地质钻探、浅层地震勘探等多种手段进行研究,认为：1）丹江断裂东段第四纪以来累积左旋走滑量在250~500 m之间,上更新统地层垂直断距为10~20 m;2）断裂最新活动时代为晚更新世,活动性质以由NE向SW的逆冲为主,兼具有左旋走滑分量;3）断裂活动性由山地向盆地迁移。丹江断裂晚更新世以来活动表明,南襄盆地西缘活动性较强。该认识可为进一步评估丹江口地区乃至南襄盆地西缘的地震构造环境提供依据。     

陆相火山岩铜矿床成矿条件研究

研究陆相火山岩铜矿床的成矿条件，对于多发现新的铜矿资源有着重要的意义。本文就陆相火山岩型铜矿床的实际存在，大陆玄武岩型铜矿的成矿系列，大陆裂谷的成矿环境和热液成矿作用等方面进行讨论。     

Recent Progresses in Comparative Planetology——Summary of the Session of Comparative Planetology at the 3rd Conference of Earth System Sciences

Comparative planetology is an interdisciplinary science between Earth sciences and astronomy. It studies physical, chemical and dynamical properties of planets and satellites and their surface characteristics, interior structures and chemistry, magnetic field, climate and possible existence of life. Although the study of comparative planetary science is at its infancy stage in China, it is very encouraging to see that 25 papers were received by the session, which is much more than what we expected. It indicates that more and more scientists are interested in this research field. These papers can be classified into three categories: solar planets, extra-solar planets, and moon explorations. Scientists from both China and oversea reported their recent results.     

渤海海域黄河口凹陷新近系多油水系统油藏成因分析

为明确同类油田的开发调整方向和潜力目标,以滚动勘探开发为目的,以A油田为例,探讨了黄河口凹陷中央构造脊北端新近系多油水系统油藏成因。储层与油源断层的有效配置是控制该类油气聚集的关键因素。基于已开发油田井震一体化精细地层对比和储层展布研究,细化了储层空间展布,并结合油源断层特征剖析,系统分析了储-断耦合对油气分布的控制作用。首先,油源断裂垂向活动强弱的差异与储层的匹配控制着油气垂向上主要聚集层位;其次,断裂平面发育程度的差异与储层展布的耦合控制着油气在平面上的分布;再次,储-断接触关系影响着油气的富集和赋存规律。