论伪距测量的多普勒效应

论述了多普勒效应对 GPS伪距测量的影响 ,建立了 GPS伪距测量多普勒改正的模型。研究表明 ,多普勒效应对伪距观测值的影响与伪距和伪距变化率的积成正比。伪距观测值的多普勒改正的符号与伪距变化率的符号相同。多普勒改正值在卫星升起和降落时最大 ,其最大值可达到 60 m左右 ;在卫星最高位置时最小 ,其值接近于 0。多普勒效应对伪距观测值的影响相对于卫星最高位呈负对称     

地理国情监测中地貌形态识别研究——以汶川地震核心灾区为例

监测地理国情,是经济社会发展到一定阶段的必然要求,地貌形态数据是重要的基础地理信息,地理国情监测中地貌形态识别是一项必要的基础工作。本文根据25m分辨率的DEM数据,以绝对高程和地形起伏度为地貌形态识别指标,建立适合汶川地震核心灾区的分类分级指标体系,采用数据分割的方法获得研究区6种地貌形态的分布图,识别结果真实可靠,对后续工作具有一定借鉴和指导意义。     

不同地质背景地热系统水-岩作用下温泉水的地球化学特征——以重庆市温塘峡背斜温泉、滇东小江断裂带温泉为例

本文以重庆市温塘峡背斜和滇东小江断裂带出露温泉为例,探讨了其水文地球化学特征的差异。研究发现,由于地质背景条件基本相同,温塘峡背斜出露的温泉水文地球化学特征比较接近,水化学类型为SO4-Ca（Mg）型,而小江断裂带温泉水文地球化学特征差异较大,泉水水化学类型主要有HCO3-Na型（YN1）、HCO3-Ca型（YN2）、SO4-Ca（Mg）型（YN3和YN5）和SO4-HCO3-Ca-Na型（YN4）,这与各泉点所处地质背景条件不同有很大关系。此外,通过对Na-K-Mg和Na-K-Mg-Ca图解模型的解读得出,所有样品均未达到水-岩平衡,仅有YN1泉点样品接近完全平衡线,表明YN1接近水-岩作用平衡状态,并由上述图解模型估算得到YN1点热储温度大概为100~120℃,与运用SiO2温标计算的热储温度（133~139℃）相差不大。此外,水化学特征和Na-K-Mg-Ca图解分析也表明,YN2与温塘峡背斜温泉水-岩作用过程比较相似。     

Permian High Ba-Sr Granitoids: Geochemistry, Age and Tectonic Implications of Erlangshan Pluton, Urad Zhongqi, Inner Mongolia

Abstract: Erlangshan Pluton from Urad Zhongqi, central Inner Mongolia, is located in the middle segment of the northern margin of the North China Plate. The rocks consist mainly of diorites with gneissic structure. Petrochemical characteristics reveal that the diorites belong to metaluminous, high-potassium calc-alkaline series, with chemical signatures of I-type granites. They are characterized by low SiO2 contents (56.63%–58.53%) and A/CNK (0.90–0.96), high Al2O3 contents (17.30%–17.96%) and Na2O/K2O ratios (1.20–1.70), enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g., Ba=556–915 ppm, Sr=463–595 ppm), and relative depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE, e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti) in primitive mantle-normalized spidergram, and right-declined rare earth element patterns with slightly negative Eu anomalies (d?Eu=0.72–0.90). They have Sr/Y ratios (20–25) evidently less than Kebu Pluton (49–75) to its east. Sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe U-Pb zircon dating of the diorites has yielded an intrusive age of 270±8?Ma. This leads us to conclude that Erlangshan diorites were formed by mixing between the middle or lower crustal-derived magma and minor mantle-derived mafic magma, followed by fractional crystallization, which was trigged by crustal extension and fault activity in post-collisional setting.     

基于水质荧光指纹法的湖泊污染溯源研究——以太湖流域滆湖为例

随着社会经济和城市化进程的快速发展,湖泊水环境污染问题日益突出,加剧了湖泊原有功能的退化和丧失,因此污染治理成为了湖泊功能恢复和可持续发挥的必要条件,但如何实现污染精准溯源又是污染治理的重要前提。为此,本文以太湖流域滆湖为例,采用一种新兴技术——水质荧光指纹法开展湖泊污染溯源。于2021年累计采集滆湖周边70个农业、13个生活、3个企业排口的瞬时出水构建污染源荧光指纹库,连续12个月采集滆湖湖体8个样点水样分析水体荧光组分。通过平行因子分析共解析出4种污染源指纹和滆湖5种水体组分,经荧光相似度(塔克同余系数)分析进一步明确滆湖主要受到种植业面源、生活源和工业源的影响。此外,荧光强度与叶绿素a浓度和藻密度的强相关性表明藻类繁殖活动也会影响滆湖。从不同污染源对滆湖的时空影响特征来看,种植业面源主要在春、夏季影响西部、中部水域,生活源主要在夏、冬季影响西部、北部水域,工业源主要在特定月份(3 4月、10 12月)影响西部水域,藻类繁殖活动主要在夏季影响湖体。通过荧光组分与水质参数的时空相关性分析得到农业源和总磷、总氮,生活源和氨氮、有机物参数(BOD₅、COD_...     

Drainage basin object-based method for regional-scale landform classification: a case study of loess area in China

Landform classification is one of the most important procedures in recognizing and dividing earth surface landforms. However, topographical homogeneity and differences in regional-scale landforms are often ignored by traditional pixel- and object-based landform classification methods based on digital elevation models (DEMs). In this work, a drainage basin object-based method for classifying regional-scale landforms is proposed. Drainage basins with least critical areas are first delineated from DEMs. Then, terrain derivatives of mean elevation, mean slope, drainage density, drainage depth, and terrain texture are employed to characterize the morphology of the drainage basins. Finally, a decision tree based on the topographical characteristics of the drainage basins is constructed and employed to determine the landform classification law. The experiment is validated in the landform classification of regional-scale loess areas in China. Results show that clear boundaries exist in different landforms at the regional scale. Landform type in a specific region shows significant topographical homogeneity under its specific regional geomorphological process. Classification accuracies are 87.3 and 86.3% for the field investigation and model validation, respectively. Spatial patterns of classified landforms and their proximity to sediment sources and other factors can be regarded as indicators of the evolutionary process of loess landform formation.     

混沌遗传算法在高层结构风振控制优化中的应用研究

将混沌遗传算法(Chaos Genetic Algorithm,简称CGA)引入高层结构的风振控制优化中,对采用黏弹性阻尼器来控制风振响应的高层结构进行参数优化;用Matlab语言编制了均布法、迭代法、简单遗传算法(Simple Genetic Algorithm,简称SGA)和混沌遗传算法的风振控制优化分析程序;对9个高层结构进行风振控制优化,对比了算法程序的计算效率以及无控、均布、迭代、SGA和CGA工况下的结构风振响应。研究结果表明:混沌遗传算法可以应用于高层结构风振控制优化之中;混沌遗传算法的计算效率比简单遗传算法最高提升了29%;经混沌遗传算法优化后,黏弹性阻尼器附加给结构的附加阻尼比与均布和迭代相比最高分别提高了61%和22%,CGA工况的顶层加速度响应与均布和迭代法相比最高分别减小了14%和12%。为高层结构风振控制优化研究提供了新思路,具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。     

铜矿峪变斑岩型含钼铜矿床成矿作用及找矿预测

通过对铜矿峪矿床在含铜建造、矿床地质特征、地球化学特征等方面的综合论述,探讨其成矿物质来源、矿床富集机制及成矿模式,并对找矿远景进行预测。     

某花岗岩型铀矿田断裂构造的分形特征

基于分形理论,提出了一种快速测量多区断裂分维值的方法,并获得了研究区断裂分维值的平面等值图。研究结果表明,断裂分维值的大小较好地反映了断裂构造复杂程度的高低,它们之间存在着正相关关系。研究区花岗岩型铀矿田内约有86%的铀矿床位于断裂分维值D偏高(D>1.18)的区域内,表明断裂分维值越大,越有利于花岗岩型铀矿成矿,为建立该区花岗岩型铀矿新的预测标志提供了参考依据。     

南祁连西北缘肃北红庙沟地区早奥陶世花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

笔者对南祁连西北缘红庙沟地区发育的黑云二长花岗岩体进行了精细的年代学和地球化学研究。LA-ICP-MS测定结果表明,黑云二长花岗岩加权平均年龄为（479.7±3.4）Ma（MSWD=0.047）,岩体侵位时代为早奥陶世。在地球化学组成上,黑云二长花岗岩表现为过铝质（A/CNK=0.96~1.04）的Ⅰ型花岗岩特征,稀土元素总量相对较低（∑REE=67.55×10-6~83.07×10-6）,轻稀土相对富集,具Eu负异常;富集Rb、Ba和K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Sr和高场强元素（Nb、Ti、P）,显示弧岩浆特征。综合研究表明,本区早奥陶世黑云二长花岗岩是南祁连洋向祁连陆块俯冲过程中引起岛弧岩浆活动而形成的产物,记录了该时期重要的板块构造运动事件,为认识南祁连造山带的构造演化提供了有益资料和重要依据。