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Movement process,geomorphological changes,and influencing factors of a reactivated loess landslide on the right bank of the middle of the Yellow River,China

Landslides - According to local villagers, the main Beiguo landslide on the Heyang Loess Tableland in China occurred several decades ago (the specific time is unknown). After the initial occurrence...     

Risk assessment of land subsidence at Tianjin coastal area in China

Risk assessment and zoning are very important to risk management. In this study, a land subsidence risk assessment index was proposed based on the Disaster Risk Index. The cumulative subsidence volume, the land subsidence velocity, and the groundwater exploitation intensity were collected, analyzed, and put together to create a land subsidence hazard evaluation map in Tianjin coastal area. The population density, Gross Domestic Product per square kilometer, and construction land proportion were adopted as indexes to create the vulnerability map. In addition, the capability of land subsidence prevention and reduction was also assessed. Finally, the land subsidence risk map was created by combing the hazard, vulnerability, and the capability of land subsidence prevention and reduction map. Specifically, the land subsidence risk was classified into five levels, i.e., very high, high, medium, low, and very low. The result of this research could provide a solid basis for the sustainable development as well as disaster prevention policy-making of Tianjin city.     

断陷湖盆陡坡带陆相层序地层学模式研究①

以泌阳断陷双河-赵凹地区下第三系核三上段陆相层序地层学研究为例,建立了断陷湖盆陡坡带陆相层序地层学模式①陆相层序及其体系域界面模式;②体系域模式;③陆相层序地层模式。其中,陆相层序地层模式包括岩相格架模式及年代框架模式两个内容。研究结果显示,断陷湖盆陡坡带可识别出Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两类陆相层序;一个完整的Ⅰ型陆相层序从下往上发育LST、TST、HST及RST四个体系域,共五个界面,除顶、底界面归属层序界面之外,其它三个界面皆为体系域界面;而Ⅱ型陆相层序缺失LST。无论何种体系域,其沉积体的几何形状均为楔状体,且各体系域的沉积相横向配置呈现规律性变化。陆相层序地层等时框架模式清晰地显示了研究区下第三系核三上段的沉积充填史及其沉积层序时空展布特征。     

Cultivated land change in the Belt and Road Initiative region

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)–a development strategy proposed by China – provides unprecedented opportunities for multi-dimensional communication and cooperation across Asia, Africa and Europe. In this study, we analyse the spatio-temporal changes in cultivated land in the BRI countries (64 in total) to better understand the land use status of China along with its periphery for targeting specific collaboration. We apply FAO statistics and GlobeLand30 (the world’s finest land cover data at a 30-m resolution), and develop three indicator groups (namely quantity, conversion, and utilization degree) for the analysis. The results show that cultivated land area in the BRI region increased 3.73×10⁴ km² between 2000 and 2010. The increased cultivated land was mainly found in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia, while the decreased cultivated land was mostly concentrated in China. Russia ranks first with an increase of 1.59×10⁴ km² cultivated land area, followed by Hungary (0.66×10⁴ km²) and India (0.57×104 km2). China decreased 1.95×10⁴ km² cultivated land area, followed by Bangladesh (–0.22×10⁴ km²) and Thailand (–0.22×10⁴ km²). Cultivated land was mainly transferred to/from forest, grassland, artificial surfaces and bare land, and transfer types in different regions have different characteristics: while large amount of cultivated land in China was converted to artificial surfaces, considerable forest was converted to cultivated land in Southeast Asia. The increase of multi-cropping index dominated the region except the Central and Eastern Europe, while the increase of fragmentation index was prevailing in the region except for a few South Asian countries. Our results indicate that the negative consequence of cultivated land loss in China might be underestimated by the domestic- focused studies, as none of its close neighbours experienced such obvious cultivated land losses. Nevertheless, the increased cultivated land area in Southeast Asia and the extensive cultivated land use in Ukraine and Russia imply that the regional food production would be greatly improved if China’ “Go Out policy” would help those countries to intensify their cultivated land use.     

高分五号全谱段光谱成像仪地表温度与发射率反演

地表温度在全球能量平衡和气候变化研究中具有重要意义。中国新一代高分辨率卫星高分五号卫星(GF-5)搭载的全谱段成像光谱仪有4个40 m空间分辨率的热红外波段,可以提供高空间分辨率的地表温度信息。本文提出了适用于全谱段成像光谱仪的温度与发射率分离TES(Temperature and Emissivity Separation)算法同时反演地表温度和发射率,为了提高大气校正精度,算法加入了水汽缩放WVS(Water Vapor Scaling)大气校正方法。首先利用Seebor V5.0全球大气廓线库构建模拟数据对算法精度进行了评价;然后利用张掖地区11景ASTER影像作为替代数据和同步的地面实测数据对算法精度进行了验证。模拟数据结果表明加入WVS方法后TES算法反演地表温度的RMSE由2.59 K降低到1.54 K,4个波段地表发射率的RMSE分别从0.122、0.12、0.102和0.037降低到0.042、0.04、0.028和0.026;地表验证结果表明本文算法反演的地表温度与站点实测值具有更好的一致性,平均Bias由1.08 K降低到0.47 K,RMSE由2.17 K降低到1.7 K;反演的各波段地表发射率与地面实测结果误差均小于1%。因此,本文提出的温度与发射率分离算法具有较高精度,可以利用GF-5数据获取高精度高空间分辨率的地表温度和发射率数据,服务于其他相关研究。     

1995年海南东方近海5.2级地震特征分析

总结了１９９５年海南东方近海５．２级地震的地质背景，宏观烈度，地震序列特征，前兆异常以及地震活动与环境因子的对应关系，并提出了未来一年或稍长时间内，该区及附近地区仍存在发生５～６级地震的危险性。     

公路积水阻断与降雨关系的探讨

利用2011—2013年全国公路积水阻断资料,分析了公路积水阻断的时空分布特征,并对公路积水阻断与不同时效降雨的关系进行了探讨。结果表明,公路积水阻断事件发生时间主要集中在5—9月,其中7月最为频繁,公路积水阻断事件以07:00—14:00为第一多发时段,16:00—20:00为次多发时段。公路积水阻断与前24h内的降水关系更为密切。区域不同,公路积水阻断随各强度降水变化的特点也不尽相同。经过开立方根处理后的降水因子与公路积水阻断发生的频次服从于高斯分布。其中,区域1公路积水阻断与处理后的1h最大降水因子关系密切,相关系数大于0.91;区域2和3公路积水阻断与处理后的6h最大降水因子关系密切,相关系数均在0.8以上;区域4公路积水阻断则与处理后的24h最大降水因子关系密切,相关系数在0.75左右。对于任何一个区域,诱发公路积水阻断的不同时效降水都处于一个较大的空间。对于给定的降水量只能判断公路积水阻断发生的可能性大小。     

藏北羌塘中部日湾茶卡地区花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学特征

报道了藏北羌塘中部日湾茶卡地区花岗闪长岩体锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学特征。该花岗闪长岩位于龙木错—双湖—澜沧江板块缝合带西段。岩石样品中的锆石具有较好的晶形,可见典型的岩浆振荡环带结构,具有较高的Th/U值,为典型的岩浆成因锆石。样品锆石LA-ICP-MS技术测得的锆石年龄为211.0Ma±1.8Ma,表明其时代为晚三叠世。全岩地球化学分析表明,该花岗闪长岩具有高SiO2、Al2O3,富碱,低TFe2O3、TiO2的特征,A/CNK值为0.97~1.04,为准铝质—弱过铝质岩石。稀土元素配分模式显示,配分曲线右倾,伴随较弱的Eu负异常;微量元素蛛网图表现出Nb、Ta、Ti、P亏损和Rb、Th、U、K、Pb富集的特征;样品点在构造环境判别图解上均落入碰撞型花岗岩区。初步分析,其岩浆来源可能为幔源岩浆底侵使古老地壳发生熔融。此碰撞型花岗闪长岩对龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋碰撞的时限提供了一定的岩石学约束,为龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋的演化提供了基础地质资料。