不同时间尺度下气象旱涝强度评估指数

基于逐日气象干旱指数,构建了可以反映某一时段内气象旱涝强度的标准化阶段气象旱涝强度指数 (staged meteorological drought intensity index, I_SD) 和阶段气象旱涝时间分布状态的标准化阶段气象旱涝空间分布差异指数 (staged meteorological drought discrepancy index, I_SDD)。以构建昆明月尺度的I_SD和I_SDD为例说明了阶段气象旱涝指数的构建方法,通过对不同时段降水距平百分率、I_SD, I_SDD和标准降水指数 (standardized precipitation index, I_SP) 的对比分析,结合降水及逐日气象干旱指数 (multi-scale standardized precipitation index, I_MSP) 的演变,验证了I_SD和I_SDD的有效性。对于任一站点的不同时间尺度,两个指数可以在日尺度到年尺度乃至更大的时间尺度上进行计算,通过Boltzmann函数来构建I_SD和I_SDD的方法具有很好的拓展应用性,其他气象干旱指数也可以采用该方法来构建阶段干旱指数。     

基于气象条件对兰州国际马拉松赛举办日期选择的分析

通过兰州市各月天气气候特点的统计分析,对马拉松比赛要求的各种气象要素条件（气温、风速、相对湿度等）进行对比,综合考虑2012年全国马拉松赛程安排,首先选定了6月3个日期段以及07：00—13：00时段作为兰州市举办马拉松比赛的适宜日期和时间段;然后,根据这3个日期段07：00～13-00时段的最低相对湿度和气温的分布,最后选择了6月10～15日为最佳比赛日期,为兰州市委、市政府确定最终比赛日期提供了重要的决策依据。     

气象旅游资源评估方法与应用研究

在对国内气象旅游资源评估方法分析研究的基础上,从气象旅游资源相关因素中,筛选出了7个指标,创建了气象旅游资源评估指标体系,提出了评估方法。计算每个评估指标的实际数值并进行标准化处理。采用专家咨询和层次分析法相结合的方法对评估指标体系中的每一级指标赋予相应的权重,最终构建出气象旅游资源评估模型。在实例研究中,以大连为例,选取葫芦岛、东港、鞍山和岫岩等4个城市为对照,结合多年的气候统计数据,分别计算5个城市的气象旅游资源评估指数,并进行横向对比分析,找出各城市气象旅游资源的优势和不足。     

乌裕尔河流域颗粒有机碳的来源：碳同位素证据

以2008、2009年所采集的乌裕尔河9个点位水体中的悬浮物为研究对象,对丰、枯水期颗粒有机碳（POC）含量、碳同位素组成（^13C、^14C）及表观年龄进行了系统测试与分析,以期探讨河流中颗粒有机碳来源与流域土壤侵蚀的关系。研究结果表明,该河流中颗粒有机碳（POC）主要来源于未受玉米残体及根系输入影响的深层土壤,且土...     

塔中Ⅰ号断裂带北段构造裂缝面密度与分形统计

断裂如何控制其附近构造裂缝的发育程度是碳酸盐岩地区构造裂缝定量研究的重要方面,对碳酸盐岩裂缝性油气藏的储层预测具有重要的意义.文中以塔中Ⅰ号断裂带为例,重点研究逆冲断裂控制构造裂缝的分布规律,对其控制的构造裂缝面密度和分形进行了研究.研究结果表明,塔中工号断裂控制的构造裂缝的裂缝面密度与距断裂的距离呈指数关系,其控制的...     

松桃杨立掌锰矿地质特征及深部找矿潜力分析

杨立掌锰矿位于扬子陆块东南部被动边缘褶冲带铜仁逆冲带的半局限浅海盆地中.含矿层位“含锰岩系”为南华系下统大塘坡组第一段.含矿岩性为碳质页岩、粘土岩,矿体呈层状、似层状,矿石矿物主要为菱锰矿、钙菱锰矿、锰方解石、锰白云石等,严格受层位、矿系厚度、古构造及沉积环境的控制.通过对矿床地质特征、岩相古地理、古构造等综合分析,推...     

Levels of organochlorine pesticides in natural water along the Yangtze River,from headstream to estuary,and factors determining these levels

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including hexachlorocyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, were monitored in 37 samples of water collected along the Yangtze River, the third longest river in the world (6,300 km). The total concentration of OCPs (∑OCPs) in the river water ranged from 0.11 to 27.37 ng/L. It was interesting to discover that, except for some sites near industrial cities, levels of OCPs in the water samples were very similar along the whole river. Significantly, OCPs were detected in Tuotuo River (the origin of Yangtze River) even though OCPs have never been used in this area because of its 4,540 m height above sea level. Furthermore, it was found that ∑OCPs was related to temperature and altitude along the river. We assume OCPs are transported along the Yangtze River, and the factors affecting this process are discussed.     

A model for evaluating the influence of water and salt on vegetation in a semi-arid desert region,northern China

A model, influence of water and salt on vegetation (IWSV), was developed to evaluate their influence on plant species. The main function of this model was to calculate a comprehensive index value for evaluating the suitability of plant growth. This model consists of five explanatory variables (vadose zone moisture content, vadose zone salinity, vadose zone lithology, depth to the water table, and groundwater mineralization) and two response variables (plant species and their cover). A set of independent data on three plant species, Artemisia ordosica, Salix psammophila, and Carex enervis, which are dominant species in the Mu Us Desert of northern China, were used to validate the model. Validation results show an overall correct prediction for the distribution of these three species. The results demonstrated that the IWSV model can be a useful tool for groundwater management and nature conservation in a semi-arid desert region, especially for predicting the vegetation distribution in areas with groundwater extraction.     

Supercooled water in austral summer in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

Supercooled water with temperatures below freezing point,was identified from hydrographic data obtained by Chinese and Australian expeditions to Prydz Bay,Antarctica,during the austral summer.The study shows that most supercooled waters occurred at depths of 63-271 m in the region north of the Amery Ice Shelf(AIS) front.The maximum supercooling was 0.16°C below the in-situ freezing point.In temperature and salinity ranges of-2.14--1.96°C and 34.39-34.46,respectively,the water was colder and fresher than peripheral shelf water.The supercooled water had less variability in the vertical profiles compared to shelf water.Based on analysis of their thermohaline features and spatial distribution,as well as the circulation pattern in Prydz Bay,we conclude that these supercooled waters originated from a cavity beneath the AIS and resulted from upwelling just outside of the AIS front.Water emerging from the ice shelf cools to an extremely low temperature(about-2.0°C) by additional cooling from the ice shelf,and becomes buoyant with the addition of melt water from the ice shelf base.When this water flows out of the ice shelf front,its upper boundary is removed,and thus it rises abruptly.Once the temperature of this water reaches below the freezing point,supercooling takes place.In summer,the seasonal pycnocline at-100 m water depth acts as a barrier to upwelling and supercooling.The upwelling of ice shelf outflow water illuminates a unique mid-depth convection of the polar ocean.     

侧扫声呐系统在荣成海流能电站示范工程中的应用

介绍了侧扫声呐系统在荣成海流能电站示范工程中的应用,对侧扫声呐系统的工作原理、图谱的特点及影响图谱影像质量的因素进行了分析,基于海流能示范工程扫测图谱影像进行了数据处理与特征提取,并将地貌分类成果应用到设计施工中取得了较好的效果;对工程应用中遇到的问题进行了总结。