农作物长势遥感监测业务化应用与研究进展

农作物长势监测可为田间管理提供及时的决策支持信息和早期估产提供依据。为了更好地研究作物生长过程中不同遥感监测作物长势方法的适用性,从多光谱遥感数据、高光谱遥感数据和微波遥感数据的应用及遥感监测指标与模型模拟方面综述了国内外农作物长势遥感监测研究及业务化应用的最新进展,指出了未来拟重点加强的研究任务,包括高时空分辨率和高光谱分辨率遥感数据的业务化技术、多遥感反演参数协同监测作物长势技术研发、基于遥感信息与作物过程模型的集合预报技术研究、全球尺度作物长势监测业务运行系统研发。     

洛阳地区太阳能资源分析与评估

根据1981—2010年郑州辐射站太阳辐射和日照资料、洛阳地区9个气象观测站日照资料,采用气候学计算、线性趋势分析等方法和资源丰富程度、利用价值、稳定程度等指标,对洛阳地区太阳能资源进行了计算、分析和评估。结果表明:洛阳地区多年平均总辐射为4842.4MJ·m-2·a-1,总体呈显著减少趋势,减少速率为每年1.4MJ·m-2。夏季辐射丰富,冬季偏少,夏季总辐射量是冬季的2倍;月平均总辐射5月最多(569.7MJ·m-2),12月最少(241.9MJ·m-2);年总辐射孟津最高,为4922.8MJ·m-2·a-1,宜阳最少,为4681.1MJ·m-2·a-1。多年平均日照时数为2064.7h,总体呈显著减少趋势。春季日照时数多,冬季少,春季日照时数比冬季多33.37%;月平均日照时数5月最多(217.3h),2月最少(138.2h);年日照时数孟津最多(2144.9h),宜阳最少(1909.2h)。洛阳各地属太阳能资源丰富区,利用价值较高,各月日照时数6h的天数为9.8~18.1天,全年为162.7~185.3天;太阳能资源也比较稳定,月最大日照时数12月6h的天数为16.9天,是月最小日照时数7月的1.48倍,12月至次年1月不利于太阳能利用。     

The watermass variability and southward shift of the Southern Hemispheremid-depth supergyre

The Southern Hemisphere subtropical supergyre at intermediate depths connects all three ocean basins and plays a significant role in responding and conveying the climate-change-related variations in the glob- al ocean. On the basis of the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation/SODA） ocean reanalysis, the thermohaline variability and southward shift of the mid-depth supergyre are demonstrated. The steric height of the sub- surface relative to 1 500 m （400-1 500 m） from the SODA depicts exactly the flow patterns and variability of the oceanic supergyre. During 1958-2007 the water masses in the gyre interiors become cooler/fresher, with the significant exceptions of the Agulhas Current system and Agulhas leakage. The results also exhibit a pronounced strengthening of the inter-basin connection of the supergyre, and the strongest southward shift, by about 2.5° over the whole period, occurs in the central-south Pacific, which is associated with the changes in the basin-scale wind forcing.     

Isotopic characteristics of river sediments on the Tibetan Plateau

We systematically collected 40 modern clastic sediment samples from rivers in different tectonic units of the Tibetan Plateau and measured their Sr–Nd isotopic compositions. The isotopic characteristics provide insight into the controversial paleo-tectonic affinity of terranes of the Tibetan Plateau and the provenance of Songpan–Ganzi flysch complex. The Qilian Terrane and Himalaya Terrane have more negative ε_Nd(0) values (from ? 14.3 to ? 11.8 and from ? 20.64 to ? 13.26, respectively) and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (from 0.719674 to 0.738818 and from 0.721020 to 0.824959, respectively), reflecting old and mature continental crust origin of these two terranes. The southern Lhasa Terrane is more radiogenic in ε_Nd(0) values (from ? 8.82 to ? 3.8) and low in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (from 0.711504 to 0.719489), implying the combined impact of the Neo-Tethys mantle and Himalaya old continental crust. Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of the Qilian Terrane are similar to those in the Yangtze Craton, indicating that the Qilian Terrane was probably separated from the Yangtze Craton. Sr–Nd isotopic characteristics of the Songpan–Ganzi Terrane are similar to the Yangtze Craton and are remarkably different to those in the North China Craton, eastern Kunlun–Qaidam and the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, implying that the widely distributed flysch complex of the Songpan–Ganzi Terrane was sourced from the Yangtze Craton.     

西霞口龙眼港-4.5m码头加固扩建施工新方法

以山东西霞口集团龙眼港—4.5m码头的改扩建工程为例,阐述了采用三管法旋喷桩托底置换、加劲旋喷桩配合锚拉支护方法在码头改造施工中的可行性及其施工工艺和施工方法,为同类工程施工积累了经验。     

Quantitative vulnerability estimation for scenario-based landslide hazards

Within the engineering profession and natural sciences, vulnerability is widely accepted to be defined as the degree of loss (or damage) to a given element or set of elements within the area affected by a threat. The value of vulnerability is expressed nondimensionally between 0 and 1. It is a fundamental component in the evaluation of landslide risk, and its accurate estimation is essential in making a reasonable prediction of the landslide consequences. Obviously, vulnerability to landslides depends not only on the characteristics of the element(s) at risk but also on the landslide intensity. This paper summarizes previous research on vulnerability to landslides and proposes a new quantitative model for vulnerability of structures and persons based on landslide intensity and resistance of exposed elements. In addition, an approximate function is suggested for estimating the vulnerability of persons in structures. Different methods for estimating the vulnerability of various elements to slow or rapid landslides are discussed. Finally, the application of the new model is illustrated through an example.     

中亚地区阿姆河盆地查尔朱、布哈拉阶地构造特征及演化

阿姆河盆地是中亚地区重要的含油气盆地,位于阿姆河北岸的查尔朱阶地和布哈拉阶地为盆地的二级构造单元,其油气资源量占全盆地的一半。油气主要富集于阶地的局部背斜构造和生物礁圈闭中,这些圈闭与该区构造形成演化密不可分。利用常规地质资料,通过精细地层对比和地震资料解释,识别出两个关键界面:侏罗纪末的断拗转换面和早第三纪末的区域角度不整合面,并结合板块构造理论确定了构造变形时期。研究认为,侏罗纪以来两阶地经历了侏罗纪—白垩纪断陷—拗陷期和早第三纪抬升—改造期两个重要演化阶段,形成了上、中、下三大构造层。断陷—拗陷阶段的沉积控制了该区的构造格局;中构造层膏盐层的发育丰富了后期的构造样式。早第三纪—晚第三纪的构造运动使该区构造发生了强烈变革,形成了典型的逆断裂、走滑断裂带和不对称复合背斜构造带。     

中西医结合治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎初热期43例临床观察

目的：观察运用中西医结合治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎初热期的临床疗效。方法：将86例新型冠状病毒肺炎初热期患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各43 例。对照组采用西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上联合中医辨证施治。观察2组患者的治愈率、体温恢复正常时间、住院时间、中医证候评分及不良反应发生情况。结果：治愈率治疗组为100%（43/43）,对照组为90.7%（39/43）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗组体温恢复正常时间、住院时间均较对照组短（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）。2组胸闷气短、咳嗽咳痰、纳差、大便稀溏、神疲乏力评分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。2组均未见严重不良反应。结论：中西医结合治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎初热期疗效确切,故可在早期对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者进行中医药干预。     

基于ECDIS的多数据源支持技术分析

利用多源地理空间数据集成和融合理论,研究了基于ECDIS的多数据源支持技术。介绍了常用的多源海图数据及其使用原则,分析了ECDIS多数据源支持技术的特点及内涵,总结了国内外常用多源海图数据集成方法,从数据可用性角度探讨了提高国产电子海图系统适用性的措施。     

Thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice during the austral summer in Prydz Bay,East Antarctica

The thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice play a key role in the ice-ocean-atmosphere system and have been a focus of recent scientific research. In this study, we investigated the thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice in the Nella Fjord, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica(69°20′S, 76°07′E), near the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station. Our observations were carried out during the 29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. We found that the vertical temperature profile of snow cover changed considerably in response to changes in air temperature and solar radiation during the summer. Associated with the changes in the temperature profile were fluctuations in the temperature gradient within the upper 10 cm of the snow cover. Results of previous research have shown that the thermal conductivity of snow is strongly correlated with snow density. To calculate the thermal conductivity in this study, we measured densities in three snow pits. The calculated thermal conductivity ranged from 0.258–0.569 W?m-1?K-1. We present these datasets to show how involved parameters changed, and to contribute to a better understanding of melting processes in the snow cover on sea ice.