区域经济增长中的产业结构变动效应——以广西为例

基于产业结构贡献统计的多部门经济模型,分析1951—2012年广西产业结构变动对经济增长贡献的时间差异和2002—2012年广西各地区产业结构变动对区域经济增长贡献的空间差异。受计划经济和市场经济下不同政策手段与方式的影响,在时间上广西产业结构变动对经济增长贡献呈两阶段波动收敛,在空间上三大经济区呈自西向东梯度推移的规律性变化,因受二产不断增加因素的影响,14个城市间产业结构变动过程差异显著,且三大经济区和14个城市的经济政策使产业结构变动与区域经济增长呈反向变化。后工业社会和市场经济条件下,完善开放统一要素市场,促进要素资源流动,构建分工合理与布局科学的产业体系,逐步以间接调控方式并遵循市场规律来推动产业结构优化和升级,应成为国家从宏观层面制定产业结构调整政策时需要考量的重点。     

湖泊遥感研究进展与展望

湖泊遥感作为一门新型交叉学科,是湖泊科学和遥感科学的重要分支.本文探讨了湖泊遥感科学的研究对象、内容和方法,通过梳理国内外总体研究进展,总结出湖泊遥感的5个发展趋势:(1)关注问题,从兴趣导向发展到问题导向;(2)观测手段,从地基遥感/中分辨率卫星发展到高分辨率/高光谱/无人机;(3)算法算力,从单机版经验/机理模型发...     

The Effect of Air Density on Sand Transport Structures and the Adobe Abrasion Profile: A Field Wind-Tunnel Experiment Over a Wide Range of Altitude

Aeolian sand transport results from interactions between the surface and the airflow above. Air density strongly constrains airflow characteristics and the resulting flow of sand, and therefore should not be neglected in sand transport models. In the present study, we quantify the influence of air density on the sand flow structure, sand transport rate, adobe abrasion profiles, and abrasion rate using a portable wind-tunnel in the field. For a given wind speed, the flow’s ability to transport sand decreases at low air density, so total sand transport decreases, but the saltation height increases. Thus, the damage to human structures increases compared with what occurs at lower altitudes. The adobe abrasion rate by the cloud of blowing sand decreases exponentially with increasing height above the surface, while the wind erosion and dust emission intensity both increase with increasing air density. Long-term feedback processes between air density and wind erosion suggest that the development of low-altitude areas due to long-term deflation plays a key role in dust emission, and will have a profound significance for surface Aeolian processes and geomorphology.     

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利用GPS数据探讨鄂尔多斯地块西南缘地壳动态演化特征

利用GPS大地测量数据,借助最小二乘配置方法构建位移与应变间的偏导关系,探讨了鄂尔多斯地块西南缘地震空区近10年尺度地壳运动速度场、应变场的动态演化特征,分析了研究区域较少发生地震的成因.结果表明:地壳物质流在阿拉善地块、鄂尔多斯地块与西秦岭构造区的复杂地质构造交汇处,地壳内部物质流加速东移,板块间应力积累特征不显著;...     

Spatial and depth variability of streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity under the regional flow regimes

This study investigated the influence of the regional flow on the streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity (K_v) within the hyporheic zone in three stream reaches of the Weihe River in July 2016. The streambed K_v with two connected depths was investigated at each test reach. Based on the sediment characteristics, the three test reaches could be divided into three categories: a sandy streambed without continuous silt and clay layer, a sandy streambed with continuous silt and clay layer, and a silt–clay streambed. The results demonstrate that the streambed K_v mainly decreases with the depth at the sandy streambed (without continuous silt and clay layer) and increases with the depth at the other two test reaches. At the sandy streambed (with continuous silt and clay layer) where streambed K_v mainly decreases with the depth, the regional upward flux can suspend fine particles and enhance the pore spacing, resulting in the elevated K_v in the upper sediment layers. At another sandy streambed, the continuous silt and clay layer is the main factor that influences the vertical distribution of fine particles and streambed K_v. An increase in streambed K_v with the depth at the silt/clay streambed is attributed to the regional downward movement of water within the sediments that may lead to more fine particles deposited in the pores in the upper sediment layers. The streambed K_v is very close to the bank in the sandy streambed without continuous silt and clay layer and the channel centre in the other two test reaches. Differences in grain size distribution of the sediments at each test reach exercise a strong controlling influence on the streambed K_v. This study promotes the understanding of dynamics influencing the interactions between groundwater and surface water and provides guidelines to scientific water resources management for rivers.     

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???t??????????FG5???????????AG????????????????????????????SG?????????????????????????????????????SG???????????????-76.960??0.085??10 -8 ms ^-2/V????????0.1%??????????????????????????????????????????????????0.2%??     

滇西重力场动态趋势变化与断层运动

以绝对重力做控制,对滇西网1985—2010年流动重力资料进行统一平差处理,平均点值精度为12×10 ^-8 ms^-2 /a;单点重力时变曲线主要呈现出季节性的上下波动和长期性的上升或下降趋势运动,部分点重力动态变化与丽江7.0级地震孕育过程相吻合;基于长期观测的重力场年变化率反映了重力场在一段时期内的趋势性变化：1985—1995年和1996—2003年年变化率图像可能反映丽江7.0级地震前后能量的累积、释放和调整,2003年以后剑川断裂、鹤庆 洱源断裂和红河断裂北段附近重力值上升速度均超过10×10 ^-8 ms^-2/a;基于初始断裂运动模型正演模拟的滇西重力场年变化率图像与实测图像非常相似,说明断裂运动对重力场趋势性变化有重要贡献;基于长期观测的重力场年变化率反演的滇西主要活动断裂年错动量与地质上给出的结果相仿,基本上反映了各断裂的活动性质。     

羟基磷灰石除氟的实验地球化学研究

中国和世界上许多国家（地区） 都面临着饮用水氟含量超标的问题,因此研究氟的环境地球化学行为以及探索除氟 技术和原理至关重要。本实验采用廉价的非金属矿物羟基磷灰石作为吸附材料,研究羟基磷灰石吸附溶解态F-的地球化学 行为和机制,考察反应时间、pH、初始F-浓度等环境参数对吸附反应的影响。实验结果发现羟基磷灰石对F-的吸附反应需 进行到48 h以上时才接近反应平衡。在实验条件下（pH≥4）,F-的吸附量随pH升高而降低,羟基磷灰石对F-的吸附受pH 调控。同时还发现羟基磷灰石在pH=6条件下对F-的吸附等温线既满足Langmuir等温模式（R2=0.89） 同时也满足Freundlich 等温模式（R2=0.99）,并推导出该条件的理论最大吸附量为21.6×10-3。本研究还进一步采用了先进的XRD、SEM、 HR-TEM、19F NMR手段,系统地表征了反应前后吸附产物的形态和成分变化,发现在高F-浓度条件下,F-在羟基磷灰石表 面的吸附机制不再是单层的表面配位。核磁共振的结果表明F-可部分取代羟基磷灰石结构中的隧道羟基而形成含氟羟基磷 灰石。研究结果表明羟基磷灰石是一种相当具有潜力的除氟材料,值得进一步开发。