泰安市第四系水文地质结构对浅层地下水污染敏感性控制作用研究

通过对泰安市第四系水文地质结构研究发现, 浅层地下水的污染受地层结构的控制, 在包气带岩性及含水层岩性相同的条件下, 包气带的厚度越大, 其防污性能越高, 含水层遭受污染的程度越小; 在地面环境质量及包气带岩性和厚度相近的条件下, 粗砂含水层较粉质粘土含水层更易遭受污染      

Coupling processes between self-oscillation of formation pressure and periodic migration-accumulation of natural gases in Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea

The modeling of formation pressure in Yinggehai shows that DF1-1 diapir has oscilla-torily released thermal fluids twice since 5.0 Ma, which may be controlled by the multi-structural subsidences and their accompanying thermal events. Using thermal indicators of formation temperature by DST, I/S mixed clay minerals, homogeneous temperature of inorganic fluid inclusion and δ¹³C of methane to trace the thermal fluid migrating order and path, we found that there are two orders of natural gas migration-accumulation in the upper site over the top of the overpressured compartment. Based on the oscillatory development of formation pressure, we postulate there would exist earlier (before 5.0 Ma) gas accumulation in their deeper site.     

昌都盆地古油藏的流体包裹体证据

青藏高原隆升与油气保存是当今油气勘探理论与实践面临挑战课题之一。本文利用在昌都盆地采集的51块储层岩石样品,运用流体包裹体系统分析的技术和方法,不仅揭示了工区中生界三叠系和侏罗系在早侏罗世—早白垩世的前陆盆地发育阶段发生4期油气充注,形成了古油藏,而且这些古油藏在新生代的走滑拉分盆地发育阶段遭到破坏而演化成沥青砂岩。同时,在古生界—中生界储层检测到大量纯气相包裹体,并且与高温盐水包裹体共生,暗示工区晚期存在天然气运聚过程。由此认为,昌都盆地以寻找天然气为主;在盆地南部的芒康深凹陷中生界可能是天然气勘探的有利地区。     

Molecular correlation of crude oils and oil components from reservoir rocks in the Tazhong and Tabei uplifts of the Tarim Basin, China

Molecular data from a large set of source rock, crude oil and oil-containing reservoir rock samples from the Tarim Basin demonstrate multiple sources for the marine oils in the studied areas of this basin. Based on gammacerane/C₃₁ hopane and C₂₈/(C₂₇ + C₂₈ + C₂₉) sterane ratios, three of the fifteen crude oils from the Tazhong Uplift correlate with Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks, while the other crude oils from the Tazhong Uplift and all 39 crude oils from the Tahe oilfield in the Tabei Uplift correlate with Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks. These two ratios further demonstrate that most of the free oils and nearly all of the adsorbed and inclusion oils in oil-containing reservoir rocks from the Tazhong Uplift correlate with Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks, while the free and inclusion oils in oil-containing carbonates from the Tahe oilfield correlate mainly with Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks. This result suggests that crude oils in the Tazhong Uplift are partly derived from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks while those in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs of Tahe oilfield are overwhelmingly derived from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rocks.The scatter of C₂₃ tricyclic terpane/(C₂₃ tricyclic terpane + C₃₀ 17α,21β(H)-hopane) and C₂₁/(C₂₁ + ΣC₂₉) sterane ratios for the free and inclusion oils from oil-containing carbonates in the Tahe oilfield possibly reflects the subtle organofacies variations in the source rocks, implying that the Ordovician reservoirs in this oilfield are near the major source kitchen. In contrast, the close and positive relationship between these two ratios for oil components in the oil-containing reservoir rocks from the Tazhong Uplift implies that they are far from the major source kitchen.     

Tracking sources of groundwater nitrate contamination using nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes at Beijing area,China

The identification of sources and behavior of contaminants is important to control and manage groundwater quality of aquifer systems in urban areas. In this study, hydrogeochemistry of major constituents and stable isotope ratios of nitrate in groundwater were determined to identify contamination sources and transformation processes occurring in soils and deeper groundwater of Beijing with intense human activities. The nitrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of nitrate in pore water extracts from groundwater samples indicate at least three potential sources of nitrate in groundwaters at Beijing. Stable isotope analyses from this study site, which has atmospheric, chemical fertilizer and human waste nitrate sources, provide a tool to distinguish nitrate sources in a confined aquifer where concentrations alone do not. These data indicate that the most common sources of high nitrate concentrations in groundwater at Beijing are wastewater and denitrification process occurred specially in the Central area. NO₃–N and cation and anion concentrations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ Cl^? and SO ₄ ² ) showed strong correlations indicating that they originated from the same sources. This study demonstrates that a thorough evaluation of hydrodynamic and hydrochemical parameters with dual isotopes of NO₃ ^? constitutes an effective approach for identifying sources and transformation processes of NO₃ ^? in deeper groundwater systems.     

莺歌海盆地流体垂向输导体系及其对天然气成藏控制作用

垂向输导体系主控下的热流体活动是莺歌海盆地重要的地质特征之一, 决定了盆内独特的油气成藏过程.依据地震剖面综合解释、三维地震属性提取和岩石薄片观察, 分析了流体垂向输导体系的构成要素, 并利用PetroMod v11进行2D盆地数值模拟, 定量化计算了自源超压和传导超压的大小, 获得以下主要认识: (1)底辟伴生断裂和水力破裂是东方区最主要的2种垂向输导要素, 且在垂向上存在分异性, 深部流体输导以水力破裂为主, 浅层输导以底辟伴生断裂为主; (2)流体的垂向输导刺穿了超压封存箱并导致自源超压面在盆地中央抬升近2 000 m, 现今盆地东方区3 000 m左右黄流组油气藏中剩余压力的90%来自传导型超压; (3)盆内存在2个有利天然气聚集带: 箱顶传导常压带和箱内自源-传导超压带, 其中后者天然气藏受水力破裂输导控制, 具有流体输导高效且距离烃源灶近的优势, 是盆地内最有勘探潜力的天然气聚集带.      

渤海湾盆地东营凹陷南坡东段孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜力分析

始新统孔店组是渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷油气勘探向深层转移的重要层系,受演化程度较高的制约,东营凹陷南坡东段孔二段（孔店组二段）烃源岩生排烃潜能存在争议,为探讨东营凹陷深层含油气系统,明确孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能,笔者等从含油气检测结合烃源岩分析的角度进行讨论。通过孔二段沉积时期古地貌恢复,结合地震剖面,明确了孔二段沉积时期的古地貌,探讨了孔二段烃源岩发育的平面分布特征;通过地化及薄片观察,对孔二段烃源岩有机质丰度、类型和成熟度进行研究,且对高成熟孔二段烃源岩进行原始有机碳含量恢复,结合流体包裹体测试、冷阴极发光、荧光观察等系统分析,判识孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能。研究认为,孔二段烃源岩展布范围较大,且在沉降中心发育较厚的孔二段烃源岩层;孔二段烃源岩原始有机碳含量较高,有机质来源以高等植物为主,属于Ⅱ1—Ⅲ型有机质,成熟度较高,烃源岩已进入生气阶段,综合评定为中等—较好烃源岩。孔店组主要发生两期油充注和一期天然气充注：第一期油充注发生在沙三段沉积时期;第二期油充注发生在东营组沉积时期;第三期天然气充注发生在平原组沉积时期,结合东营凹陷古近系烃源岩生排烃模拟结果,认为孔店组原油具有孔二段烃源岩的生排烃贡献。通过分析孔二段烃源岩发育特征结合生排烃研究,判识孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能,为东营凹陷深部含油气系统研究鉴定基础。     

基于主客观生活质量评价的农村发展差异分析——以北京山区经济薄弱村为例

从居民生活质量角度评价区域发展程度长期以来备受关注。本文以北京山区经济薄弱村为例,在抽样农户调查基础上,基于小康监测体系中的生活质量指标体系,采用因子分析法构建的主观评价体系,分别测算了村级客观、主观生活质量指数,运用聚类法与差异贡献率法,开展北京山区经济薄弱村居民主客观生活质量的对比评价及影响因素分析。研究表明:1客观指数上,99.29%的村庄低于北京农村的平均水平,村间差异显著,高指数村庄主要分布在地势平坦的近郊区;2主观指数上,具有一定地域趋同性,离城区越近主观满意度越低;3综合来看,深山区与近郊区的村庄自身存在较大的主—客观差异,18.95%的村庄综合生活质量较差,文化娱乐、信息教育、生态环保等生活品质是限制居民生活质量的主要因素;4差异扶贫、提升人口综合素质、扶持生活质量高维度相关产业发展以及开展扶贫动态监测与开发规划,是进一步改善居民生活质量、提升区域发展水平的主要驱动力。主客观生活质量评价能够深入反映区域发展与居民生活质量间的关系,可作为区域综合发展决策的重要辅助方法。     

An Experimental Study of Mixture Corrosion Effects of Carbonate Rocks in the Transitional Zone of Littoral Karst Areas

The mechanism for development of littoral karst differs from that of inland karst, and the mixture corrosion effects are one of the most important factors that control the development of littoral karst. Through seven groups of static experiments carried out in a closed CO2-H2O system, basic conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) the basic law of corrosion process in a transitional zone of seawater-freshwater in littoral karst areas is identical with that in the fresh water, i.e., the lithologic characteristics and rock structure are the main factors which control the development of littoral karst; (2) the mixture corrosion rate of the carbonate rock in the above transitional zone is faster than that in fresh water or seawater; (3) the mechanism for development of carbonate rocks differs at various pressures of CO2 in a transitional zone in littoral karst areas.     

苯、甲苯对粒状铁去除四氯乙烯影响的柱实验研究

挥发性氯代烃和石油烃类污染是地下水中最常见的混合污染类型,而且这两类污染物毒性极强,对人类危害非常严重。文中选取具有代表性的四氯乙烯、苯和甲苯为研究对象,采用柱实验的方法研究苯和甲苯在粒状铁反应系统中吸附平衡后,对粒状铁去除四氯乙烯的机理及反应动力学的影响。在实验装置运行的过程中,苯、甲苯和四氯乙烯的浓度始终控制在2mg/L左右的水平。实验结果表明:苯或甲苯的存在对被还原的产物组成没有影响,主要氯代中间产物均为TCE、1,1-DCE、cis-1,2-DCE和VC,但组成比例略有不同。苯和甲苯的存在对去除速率有影响,即苯对四氯乙烯的去除有促进作用,去除速率平均提高13.5%;而甲苯则抑制四氯乙烯的去除,去除速率平均降低13.8%。对比控制柱,苯和甲苯存在时对出水水化学变化的影响没有明显差异。