Quaternary Volcanic Activities in Shandong Peninsula and Northern Parts of Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces

Quaternary volcanic rocks often coexist with loess,as observed in the same geologic sections in the Shandong Peninsula and northern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces.The development age of Shandong loess in close to that in the middle reaches of the Yellow River.Loess strata are of synchronous implication in the loess belt of North China.So the ages of volcanic activities can be es-timated approximately from the stratigraphic relations between loess layers and volcanic rocks.The re-sults of dating of the Quaternary volcanic rocks,baked layers and the TL dates of loess samples sug-gest that the Quaternary volcanic activity can be divided into 4 stages in the region studied,with the ages being 1.15-1.03,0.86-0.72,0.55-0.33 and 0.02 Ma B.P.respectively .The occurrence of tephra in the Shandong loess sections is possible due to multiple episodes of volcanism during the Quaternary time.     

渤海湾盆地东营凹陷南坡东段孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜力分析

孔店组是渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷油气勘探向深层转移的重要层系,受演化程度较高的制约,东营凹陷南坡东段孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能存在争议,为探讨东营凹陷深层含油气系统,明确孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能,笔者等从含油气检测结合烃源岩分析的角度进行讨论。通过孔二段沉积时期古地貌恢复,结合地震剖面,明确了孔二段沉积时期的古地貌,探讨了孔二段烃源岩发育的平面分布特征;通过地化及薄片观察,对孔二段烃源岩有机质丰度、类型和成熟度进行研究,且对高成熟孔二段烃源岩进行原始有机碳含量恢复,结合流体包裹体测试、冷阴极发光、荧光观察等系统分析,判识孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能。研究认为,孔二段烃源岩展布范围较大,且在沉降中心发育较厚的孔二段烃源岩层;孔二段烃源岩原始有机碳含量较高,有机质来源以高等植物为主,属于Ⅱ1-Ⅲ型有机质,成熟度较高,烃源岩已进入生气阶段,综合评定为中等—较好烃源岩。孔店组主要发生两期油充注和一期天然气充注：第一期油充注发生在沙三段沉积时期;第二期油充注发生在东营组沉积时期;第三期天然气充注发生在平原组沉积时期,结合东营凹陷古近系烃源岩生排烃模拟结果,认为孔店组原油具有孔二段烃源岩的生排烃贡献。通过分析孔二段烃源岩发育特征结合生排烃研究,判识孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能,为东营凹陷深部含油气系统研究鉴定基础。     

南极长城站区燕窝湖岩芯中稀土元素特征

本文通过对长城站区燕窝湖岩芯沉积物中稀土元素丰度、分布模式、特征参数和稀土元素之间以及其他元素的相关系数研究,探讨了该湖岩芯的物质来源。研究结果表明,燕窝湖岩芯沉积物中REE分布模式与菲尔德斯半岛火山岩类较相似,并与长城湾表层沉积物类同,表明它们的物质来源具有同源性。山此推论,该湖岩芯沉积物的母岩主要来自菲尔德斯半岛火山沉积碎屑岩,并保留了岛弧型的特征。同时,还表明该湖盆沉积环境系以干旱的冰川环境为主导,化学风化十分微弱。     

沉积盆地异常超压与岩石破裂耦合动力学模型综述

在回顾沉积盆地异常超压成因机制模型基础之上，讨论了构筑其模型的基本要素：封盖（层）的渗透率和化学增压的耦合，并通过动力学分析给出了异常超压与岩石破裂的耦合过程引起压力封礅箱内破裂一泄压－愈合－增压作用的动力学状态判据。     

山东半岛及苏皖北部黄土地层年代学研究

根据山东半岛和南京地区大量野外实测黄土剖面和热释光，＾１４Ｃ测年数据，首次指出山东半岛最老的黄土层位为Ｌ９，年龄约０．８ＭａＢ．Ｐ．，南京地区下蜀土（黄土）的最老层位为Ｌ６，年龄约０．６３ＭａＢ．Ｐ．。本文所建立的Ｓ０－Ｌ９黄土－古土壤的年代地层序列为本区与黄河中游地区黄土对比提供了基本证据，并进一步证实了黄土层的“等时面”意义。     

活动热流体与成藏、成矿动力学研究进展

地壳乃至上地幔的流体活动以及与成岩／成矿和人类密切相关的环境关系正日益受到国内外地质学家的高度关注。文章侧重介绍沉积盆地中活动热流体与成岩／成矿动力学的研究进展，并结合南海莺—琼盆地的活动热流体与天然气成藏研究成果，认为盆地热流体的动力学特征不仅控制了烃类和稀有气体、稀有金属的成藏、成矿过程，而且对盆地的动力学演化具明显的影响。     

Large-scale seismic thermal anomaly linked to hot fluid expulsion from a deep aquifer

A 200 km-wide thermal anomaly was recorded by thermal infrared satellite data in a heavily faulted region of the South China Sea, at the time of the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Subsurface data, including vitrinite reflectance data, indicate anomalously hot fluid flow in porous aquifers in the geological record for the same region. These observations link a seismic thermal anomaly to the long-term expulsion of hot fluid from a deep, overpressured aquifer.     

Clay minerals in Lake Frome sediments of Australia and their paleoclimatic implications

Clay minerals in 32 samples collected from the upper 6 meters of drill core LF 82/1-3 in Lake Frome, Australia have been examined using X-ray powder diffraction techniques. The results show that the clay mineral species are predominated by illite, kaolinite and a small amount of montmorillonite. Minor chlorite and vermiculite can also be identified in some of the samples. In terms of clay mineral species, crystallinity and other characteristics, the upper 6-m core can be divided into 3 sections, the boundaries of which are marked at depths of about 125–150 cm and 415–455 cm with ages of 14 and 19 thousand years B.P., respectively. The middle section at a burial depth of 150–415 cm may have been deposited under moist conditions while the other two under relatively dry conditions. Additionally, some slight climatic fluctuations seem possible in different stages.     

内蒙古废弃钨钼矿区周围土壤重金属污染生态环境评价及成因分析

为研究内蒙古赤峰市废弃钨钼矿区周围土壤重金属污染特征、潜在生态风险及成因分析，共采集83份表层土壤样品和6个土壤钻孔。采用ArcGIS空间插值分析方法研究As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Mo和Zn的空间分布，构建重金属扰动指数函数研究重金属受人类活动的污染程度，利用地累积指数法验证矿区周围土壤重金属污染程度，通过相关性分析判断重金属来源并讨论污染成因。结果表明：矿区周围土壤As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn和Mo平均含量明显高于矿区周边背景值，高含量主要分布尾矿库周围，主要来源为矿山采选活动；Cr和Ni基本无污染，主要来源为母岩风化。通过重金属扰动指数函数计算发现：采用区域背景值对矿区周围进行重金属污染评价夸大了矿山采选活动对矿区周围土壤重金属的污染，矿区周围土壤重金属污染是由于天然重金属富集和采矿活动共同作用下的“双驱动模式”导致，尾矿库周围土壤重金属污染程度随着与尾矿库水平距离的增加和深度的加大而逐渐降低。降水量丰富程度是影响重金属迁移能力的关键因素，该矿处于降水量匮乏地区，尾矿库对周围土壤重金属污染范围有限，对生态环境影响轻微。