郯庐断裂带伊通段新生代构造演化特征及其控盆机制

郯庐断裂带伊通段的构造活动对伊通盆地的形成与油气分布具有重要控制作用。通过对最新的地震、钻井、物探、露头等资料分析,认为郯庐断裂带伊通段新生代以来的构造演化可划分为三个阶段,即:古新世-始新世中期的左旋走滑挤压阶段、始新世中期-渐新世末期的右旋走滑伸展阶段和中新世-第四纪的右旋走滑和隆升阶段。其中第二阶段为主成盆期,控盆断裂活动特征具有南早北晚、由南向北迁移的规律,盆地沉积中心因此也从南西向北东迁移并靠近西北缘主断裂;第三阶段为盆地反转期,控盆断裂发生右行压扭和隆升,盆地东南缘发生拱张使得万昌构造带等早期形成的构造高部位油气藏遭受破坏,而盆地西北缘受侧向挤压则形成宽2～4km的西北缘断褶带,具有良好油气成藏条件和勘探潜力,是盆地新的找油领域。     

石油地质动力学的内涵与展望

石油地质动力学的本质特征是在现代地质理论基础之上，应用数学、物理学、化学和生物学等理论和方法，借助先进的计算机和实验测试、模拟技术，定量地研究沉积盆地油气生、运、储、聚和保的机制、速率和过程。石油地质动力学研究的核心问题有两个：一是沉降作用，二是流体压力系统形成与演化，成藏动力是石油地质动力学研究的纽带。石油地质动力学现行研究方法可分为盆地动力学、石油地质动力学（狭义）和地质作用过程动力学，重点介绍了成岩过程动力学的研究方法及当今研究的前沿领域，即热流体与有机／无机成岩作用。最后，笔者展望了石油地质动力学研究在我国那些具有多旋回叠合性含油气盆地的发展和应用前景。     

Evidence of fluid inclusion for thermal fluid-bearing hydrocarbon movements in Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

Diagenetic research and inclusion observance indicate that there are seven types of inlcusion in the reservoirs in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Based on the fluorescence color, ratio of gas/liquid, formation temperature, salinity and organic component of fluid inclusions, three events of thermal fluid movement were found, and only the second and third events are relative to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation with the temperatures of 140–150°C and 170–190°C., respectively.The mechanism of gas migration in aqueous phase suggests that the discharging site of thermal fluid is the favourable location for natural gas accumulation. Project supported by the Natlonal Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Holocene loess in the middle reaches of the Yellow River

Holocene loess in the middle reaches of the Yellow River can be subdivided into three formations, which are composed commonly of upper loess and lower dark loessial soil (a kind of paleosol): the Xifeng Formation of Late Holocene, the Longxi Formation of Middle Holocene and the Luochuan Formation of Early Holocene. The layers of dark loessial soil at similar stratigraphic levels in different localities show such a change in age that samples from south are older than those from north, indicating a northward shift of the climate belt during pedogenesis.     

新疆博格达山北缘二叠纪中—晚期构造运动的沉积响应

博格达山北缘是准噶尔盆地与天山造山带之间的关键部位,是研究盆山关系的重点区域。博格达山北缘二叠纪中、晚期的构造演化与沉积时空演变关系存在较大争议。本研究通过野外实地勘测、镜下岩石薄片鉴定、粒度分析实验和地震资料解析等方法,针对博格达山北缘东、西部两条剖面—大龙口剖面和井井子沟剖面开展研究,分析其沉积类型和演变过程,解析盆山构造变形和发育特征,探讨构造运动的沉积响应。研究结果表明：瓜德鲁普统乌拉泊组为湖成三角洲相,井井子沟组至红雁池组为湖泊相,乐平统泉子街组为冲积扇—河流相沉积,梧桐沟组和锅底坑组为滨浅湖—三角洲相沉积;研究区可分为两个主要构造层,下构造层以伸展断陷为主要结构,上构造层以前陆冲断为主要构造变形;多期构造活动控制瓜德鲁普统、乐平统沉积演化过程,在挤压构造背景下,瓜德鲁普统的湖泊相转变为乐平统冲积扇—河流相沉积,晚期构造活动趋于稳定,区域进入准平原化作用阶段。     

Prediction of Overpressure Contributed Mainly by Structural Compression Using Impedance Inversion in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

The origin and distribution of formation overpressure have effect not only on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, but also on technique of drilling well. The study and prediction of overpressure are very important in basin analysis. At present, overpressure is mostly predicted by stack velocity.The process in calculating inter-velocity from stack velocity is very complex and inevitably leads to errors. Especially, this method is not available in the case that structural compression contribution to overpressure occurred. This paper introduces a new method, impedance inversion, to predict overpressure,and the principle is discussed. This method is used to predict the overpressure in Kuqa depression, Tarim basin and as a result, the absolute errors are less than 0.1, and relative errors are less than 5％ for predicted fluid pressure coefficients to the drill stem test (DST) measurements. It suggests that this method can be widely used to predict overpressure in foreland basins.     

多重网格有限元法在水质预测问题中的应用

本文采用多重网格—有限元法进行模拟、预报。多重网格法是求解大型科学计算问题的有效且可以证明是最优阶的方法,但目前很少有人将其用于解决实际问题,且在理论上也局限于二维问题的讨论。本文首次利用多重网格法求解地表水地下水水质耦合问题,从而拓宽了多重网格法的实际应用范围;与实际观测值对比有较高的拟合精度,有效地避免了数值弥散和振荡;且具有计算速度快、收敛稳定性好等优点      

LOESS IN THE LONGXI BASIN OF GANSU PROVINCE

The Nuanquangou loess section in the Longxi Basin has been examined in terms of stratigraphic investigation,. including 14C dating, paleomagnetic polarity, spore-pollen diagram, and mineral and chemical analyses. The results indicate that the section is one of the ancient loess sections with a continuous sedimentation and composed of homogeneous materials with abundant carbonate. The Brunhes / Matuyama boundary and the Jaramillo event were recorded in the section. Stratigraphically,this section can be divided into the Holocene and the Pleistocene loess. The latter includes Malan, Lishi and Wucheng loess in descending order. They were developed at about 1.2 Ma ago, whereas the Nuanquangou loess section possesses some local characteristics different from those observed in other areas.     

东海盆地西湖凹陷油岩地球化学特征及原油成因来源

东海盆地西湖凹陷具有大量的原油资源,但对于原油成因讨论较少.采集西湖凹陷多个油样和岩样,利用气相色谱和傅里叶红外光谱等手段,全面分析了该区烃源岩和原油的地球化学特征,综合讨论了原油来源以及凝析油和高蜡轻质油的成因.研究结果表明,平湖组煤系源岩均处于热演化的成熟阶段,其中碳质泥岩和煤岩以陆源生物为主要生源,其干酪根类型为Ⅲ型,暗色泥岩则具有陆源生物和水生生物双重生源贡献,其干酪根类型Ⅱ-Ⅲ型,同时碳质泥岩和煤的生油潜力远高于泥岩.原油主要为凝析油和轻质油,凝析油具有低密度、低蜡等“六低一高”的特点,轻质油具有高蜡特质,而且轻烃组分有明显差异.生标参数显示大部分原油为腐殖型,少部分原油表现出具有腐殖和腐泥母质的特点,同时该区原油均处于中等成熟阶段.油油对比和油岩对比表明大部分油来自平湖组碳质泥岩和煤岩,具有典型Ⅲ型腐殖油的特征;少部分油来自暗色泥岩,具有Ⅱ-Ⅲ型油的特征(总体上仍偏腐殖型).凝析油和轻质油的物性及轻烃组分的差异与源岩母质无关.凝析油是干酪根在成熟演化阶段生成的原油遭受蒸发分馏作用的结果,高蜡轻质油除了是“蒸发分馏作用”的残余油外,还有部分是“混合作用”的结果.      

太湖流域某地区浅层地下水有机污染特征

对太湖流域某地区浅层地下水有机污染特征进行了总结,并就污染来源、污染途径和典型污染源附近浅层地下水有机污染特征等问题进行了研究。研究结果表明,该地区浅层地下水中各组分的检出率较高,但检出浓度较低,除苯在个别采样点处超出美国环保局(EPA)饮用水标准外,其余卤代烃和单环芳烃组分均没有超标;平面分布上,卤代烃和单环芳烃各组分的浓度高值点大都集中于该地区东南部的工业区内,这种空间分布特征与工业区的分布具有明显的一致性;垂向上有浅部地下水的污染程度相对较重、深部地下水较轻的特点;典型污染源周边浅层地下水的污染程度较重,但随着采样点远离污染源,地下水中各有机污染组分的浓度迅速衰减。