辽宁铁岭地区金伯利岩的地球化学特征及其成因初探

辽宁铁岭地区为一新的含矿金伯利岩区。本文利用地球化学方法对其成因做了些初步探讨。研究表明本区金伯利岩是由强富集型地幔即碳酸盐化的磷灰石-金云母-石榴石二辉橄榄岩经1％～2％的部分熔融形成的。富集型地幔的稀土元素丰度估算值为:La≈65×10^-6,Ce≈105×10^-6, Nd≈55×10^-6,Sm≈8.20×10^-6, Eu≈1.75×10^-6。     

On the river–lake relationship of the middle Yangtze reaches

The geological and meteorological setting of the Jianghan–Dongting lake area leads to high precipitation and siltation, but poor water discharge, thus the area is frequently flooded. In the past the river–lake relationship of the Middle Yangtze has been variable but has deteriorated recently under increasing human influence. The Jianghan Plain of the Middle Yangtze becomes a waterlogged lowland under the constant threat of flooding from the perched Jingjiang River. Due to siltation and land reclamation the Dongting Lake has lost most of its regulatory function for the river and has become increasingly vulnerable to flood disasters. The Middle Yangtze River has been undergoing siltation, resulting from a downstream decline of sediment transport capacity, resulting in the elevation of the flood level above the lowlands. Heightening of the levees has caused further siltation of the channel.The Three Gorges Reservoir will provide a buffering period of 50–80 years, during which much of the silt will be trapped in the reservoir and scouring downstream may occur. We should utilize this period to work out an overall resolution to the problem. Construction of a water and silt diversion project in the Honghu Lake and surrounding areas may resolve this problem in the dangerous Chenglingji–Wuhan Segment of the Yangtze. Widening the canals connecting the Middle Yangtze and Han Rivers may function as a discharge-dividing channel of the Yangtze, which may prove to be beneficial.     

成都市地下水水质分析及评价

成都市位于岷江冲洪积扇的东南边缘,区内水量充足。通过地下水化学特征分析和地下水质量评价,了解了成都市地下水的水质状况、空间分布特征以及主要影响因素。     

绿色工程勘察钻探实施方案探索及应用

绿色勘察是新发展理念在工程勘察行业的具体体现。钻探作为工程勘察各方法中最直观的手段而不可或缺,与之相关的环境问题也相对较多。通过分析工程勘察钻探特点、可能存在的环境问题,结合实际施工经验,不断探索,提出绿色工程勘察钻探实施方案,并在川藏铁路勘察实践中加以应用。思考与总结当前绿色工程勘察尚需解决的问题。倡导勘察、设计、施工单位和相关部门共同努力构建全方位、完善的绿色工程勘察体系。     

长江中游的防洪问题和对策--1998年长江特大洪灾的启示

对1998年长江中游特大洪灾分析表明:长江中上游植被破坏,中游湖泊萎缩,干堤防洪标准低,河道泄洪不畅,是洪灾形成的主要因素.三峡水库是长江中游防洪体系中的骨干工程,必须与其他工程相配合.长江中游防洪减灾工程应坚持:(1)与环境保护相结合的原则;(2)与农田水利基本建设相结合的原则;(3)"固、蓄、疏"并举,以"疏"为主的原则;(4)防洪与除渍相结合的原则;(5)统一管理、联合攻关、综合整治的原则与对策.建议除加固长江干堤外,重点建设两条分洪河道,建好3个梯级蓄洪区,有计划有步骤地实施开堤开垸放淤工程.     

对碎裂结构岩体似连续介质特征的一点研究

通常情况下认为碎裂结构的岩体具有非连续介质的特征。但是随着西部大量水电工程的勘查和建设,遇到了一类比较特殊的岩体,这类岩体中裂隙发育,结构面间距很小,按照国标划分为碎裂结构岩体,但是其本身又具有较高的力学性质,表现为具有较高的变形模量、抗剪强度参数和完整性系数,并且具有似连续介质的特征,这与通常的碎裂结构岩体有本质的区别。本文将利用两个实例工程对这一现象进行初步的分析,得到了水电工程可利用岩体的一种新的评价方法。     

Behavior of rare earth elements in acid coal mine drainage in Shanxi Province, China

Rare earth element (REE) concentrations were determined in acid mine drainage (AMD), bedrock, pyrite, and coal samples from the Sitai coal mine and the Malan coal mine in Shanxi province, China. The AMD displayed high REE concentrations with typical convex shale-normalized patterns. The REE concentrations in the bedrock samples are one order of magnitude higher than those found in pyrite and coal samples. The high REE concentrations in AMD most likely come from the acidic solution leached out REE in bedrock. Results from laboratory and field experiments show that pH is the most important factor controlling the fractionation of REE; but Fe, Al, and Mn colloids and secondary minerals also affects their fractionation. As the pH increased from 4 to 6, the concentrations of total dissolved REE decreased from 520 to 0.875???g?L^?1. Fe and Al in AMD has less influence on the fractionation of dissolved REE than low concentrations of Mn. HREE were preferentially removed by secondary minerals and colloids, followed by MREE. Rare earth element??s speciation modeling indicates that sulfate complexes (LnSO₄ ⁺ and Ln(SO₄) ₂ ^? , 79?C91%) and free-metal species (Ln³⁺, 8.8?C21%) are the dominant REE species in the AMD, but the REE-sulfate complexation could not explain the MREE-enriched patterns.     

煤田小断层识别的几个主要影响因素分析

针对构建的全波场地质模型,依据波动方程理论,对数据采集及处理过程中诸如主频、速度误差、横向分辨率、自由地表等因素对识别小地质构造的影响程度进行研究：①通过模拟正演3m、5m断层模型,认为有效分辨小断层的采集主频至少要达到60Hz以上;②对于速度分析误差,10%的速度误差是小断层有效识别的上限;③提高地震波的主频,减小第一菲涅尔带半径,提高横向异常的分辨能力;④在地表地层倾斜的情况下,共中心点（CMP）抽道方法存在缺陷,建议采用CRP抽取道集和采用叠前时间偏移成像技术。     

The Archipelagic Ocean System of the Eastern Eurasian Tethys

Unlike typical oceans such as the wide and "clean" Atlantic, the Tethys has been showing an archipelagic pattern during all its evolutionary stages. Compared with the traditional, wedge-shaped and relatively "clean" ocean model, the archipelagic model is more suitable for the Tethys, especially the eastern Tethys. This paper demonstrates the eastern Tethys archipelagic system in terms of the subdivision, characteristics and evolutionary history of the Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun, South China and Xizang (Tibet)-Yunnan Regions of the eastern Eurasian Tethys.