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201.
陆生植物氮同位素组成与气候环境变化研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来,由于植物氮同位素组成(δ15N)记载了气候环境变化的信息,因而被广泛应用于全球变化研究中,成为古气候环境再造和了解现代气候环境变化信息的有力工具。然而,人们对气候环境引起的δ15N变化及其指示的气候环境意义并不完全清楚,这就有可能限制植物δ15N在古气候环境变化等领域研究中的应用。在概述植物氮同位素分馏和植物不同氮源的氮同位素分布的基础上,分析了温度、降水、大气CO2浓度和海拔高度等气候环境因子对陆生植物δ15N的影响以及它们的关系。指出了目前研究中存在的问题及其研究前景,认为在全球变化研究中利用植物氮同位素技术不仅可以重建古气候环境(如重建大气CO2浓度变化),揭示历史时期温度、降水的变化,而且还可以在一定的时间和空间上综合反映生态系统氮循环的特征。 相似文献
202.
Tectonic Settings and Geological Implications of Neoproterozoic Liujiaping VMS Deposit,Northwestern Yangtze Block,China 下载免费PDF全文
Liujiaping VMS (volcanic massive sulfide) deposit contains mainly copper and zinc, which is located at the Longmenshan orogenic belt of the northwestern margin of Yangtze block. The deposit is hosted in Neoproterozoic Datan terrane (composed of Datan granitoids and Liujiaping group) and is a typical, and the biggest, VMS deposit in this area. The Datan granitoids and Liujiaping group are contemporary and both parental magmas have the same genesis. The tectonic evolution history of Northwestern Yangtze is complicated. Chronology, isotope and geochemistry of the Liujiaping VMS ores and wall rocks (especially the Datan granitoids) are analyzed to restrict the tectonic progress. High‐precision secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis of the Datan granitoids resulted in two concordant ages, 815.5 ± 3.2 Ma and 835.5 ± 2.6 Ma, which are contemporary with the Liujiaping Cu–Zn ore and volcanics. The wall rocks are characterized by enrichment in LREE and with a weak negative anomaly of Eu. The Pb isotope data of sulfide and volcanics from the Liujiaping deposit indicate that the material source is lower crust. Together with variable negative anomalies of high strength field elements HFSE (Th, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, P and Ti), positive εNd (825 Ma) values (+1.8 to +3.1) and the Nd model age T2DM = 1.2–1.3 Ga, it shows that the Liujiaping deposit and wall rocks were formed by partial melting of Mesoproterozoic lower crust. Geological and geochemical characteristics of Liujiaping deposit indicate that this deposit was formed during subduction of the oceanic crust. This study clarified that that the Liujiaping deposit and the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block were part of an arc setting at ~820 Ma rather than intra‐continental rift. 相似文献
203.
The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province,China, and resulting geohazards 总被引:14,自引:5,他引:14
Peng Cui Xiao-Qing Chen Ying-Yan Zhu Feng-Huan Su Fang-Qiang Wei Yong-Shun Han Hong-Jiang Liu Jian-Qi Zhuang 《Natural Hazards》2011,56(1):19-36
On Monday, May 12, 2008, a devastating mega-earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area, northwestern Sichuan Province,
China. The focal mechanism of the earthquake was successive massive rock fracturing 15 km in depth at Yingxiu. Seismic analysis
confirms that the major shock occurred on the Beichuan–Yingxiu Fault and that aftershocks rapidly extended in a straight northeast–southeast
direction along the Longmenshan Fault zone. Fatalities approaching a total of 15,000 occurred, with a significant number resulting
from four types of seismically triggered geohazards—rock avalanches and landslides, landslide-dammed lakes (“earthquake lakes”),
and debris flows. China Geological Survey has identified 4,970 potentially risky sites, 1,701 landslides, 1,844 rock avalanches,
515 debris flows, and 1,093 unstable slopes. Rock avalanches and landslides caused many fatalities directly and disrupted
the transportation system, extensively disrupting rescue efforts and thereby causing additional fatalities. Landslide-dammed
lakes not only flooded human habitats in upstream areas but also posed threats to potentially inundated downstream areas with
large populations. Debris flows become the most remarkable geohazards featured by increasing number, high frequency, and low
triggering rainfall. Earthquake-triggered geohazards sequentially induced and transformed to additional hazards. For example,
debris flows occurred on rock avalanches and landslides, followed by landslide-dammed lakes, and then by additional debris
flows and breakouts of the landslide-dammed lakes and downstream flooding. Earthquake-induced geohazards occurred mainly along
the fault zone and decreased sharply with distance from the fault. It can be anticipated that post-earthquake geohazards,
particularly for debris flows, will continue for 5–10 years and even for as long as 20 years. An integrated strategy of continuing
emergency response and economic reconstruction is required. The lesson from Wenchuan Earthquake is that the resulted geohazards
may appear in large number in active fault regions. A plan for geohazard prevention in the earthquake-active mountainous areas
is needed in advance. 相似文献
204.
铜镍硫化物矿床的成冈——以诺里尔斯克(俄罗斯)和金川(中国)为例 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
与超基性岩浆作用有关的铜镍硫化物矿床主要有两种成矿建造,一种为含铬建造,另一种为含铂建造。尖晶石类矿物成分的变化清楚地反映了这两类建造的成矿属性,含铬建造的尖晶石属于铬铁矿-尖晶石系列,含铂建造中则为尖晶石-磁铁矿系列。从含铬建造向含铂建造转变的原因,可以解释为超基性岩艇中硫的作用增加,从而引起反应:4FeO+S=FeS+Fe3O4(磁铁矿),同时分散性铂族元素的专属性特征也发生相应变化(Ru+Os+Ir)→(Pt+Pd)。因此,含铬建造中主要富含Ru、Os和Ir,而含铂建造中则富含Pt和Pd。超基性岩浆作用中硫的化学活动性增加与基碱度增加直接有关。因此,含铂的超基性岩大多数情况下与富碱的玄武岩形成共生组合,当富铁熔浆发生硫化作用时,将会导致硫化物与硅酸岩熔浆的不混融,从而形成矿浆,据此,金川含铂铜镍矿石不是矿 相似文献
205.
Variationally consistent homogenization is exploited for the analysis of transient uncoupled consolidation in micro‐heterogeneous porous solids, whereby the classical approach of first‐order homogenization for stationary problems is extended to transient problems. Homogenization is then carried out in the spatial domain on representative volume elements (RVE), which are introduced in quadrature points in standard fashion. Along with the classical averages, a higher‐order conservation quantity is obtained. An iterative FE2‐algorithm is devised for the case of nonlinear permeability and storage coefficients, and it is applied to pore pressure changes in asphalt‐concrete (particle composite). Various parametric studies are carried out, in particular, with respect to the influence of the ‘substructure length scale’ that is represented by the size of the RVE's. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
206.
207.
Hydrochemical characteristics and salinity of groundwater in the Ejina Basin, Northwestern China 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
A hydrochemical investigation was conducted in the Ejina Basin to identify the hydrochemical characteristics and the salinity
of groundwater. The results indicate that groundwater in the area is brackish and are significantly zonation in salinity and
water types from the recharge area to the discharge area. The ionic ration plot and saturation index (SI) calculation suggest
that the silicate rock weathering and evaporation deposition are the dominant processes that determine the major ionic composition
in the study area. Most of the stable isotope δ18O and δD compositions in the groundwater is a meteoric water feature, indicating that the groundwater mainly sources from
meteoric water and most groundwater undergoes a long history of evaporation. Based on radioactive isotope tritium (3H) analysis, the groundwater ages were approximately estimated in different aquifers. The groundwater age ranges from less
than 5 years, between 5 years and 50 years, and more than 50 years. Within 1 km of the river water influence zone, the groundwater
recharges from recent Heihe river water and the groundwater age is about less than 5 years in shallow aquifer. From 1 km to
10 km of the river water influence zone, the groundwater sources from the mixture waters and the groundwater age is between
5 years and 50 years in shallow aquifer. The groundwater age is more than 50 years in deep confined aquifer. 相似文献
208.
福建省区域地质调查队三分队在元坑幅及埔上幅1:5万区调中分别发现了将乐常口大型萤石矿和顺昌南舟萤石矿。两个矿床均位于常口-南舟北东向断裂带中,受其次级张性断裂直接控制,矿床成因类似。 相似文献
209.
210.