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31.
Lilin Zheng Jinying Xu Dandan Wang Guoyu Xu Zhiqiang Tan Ligang Xu Xiaolong Wang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14026
The dynamic responses of wetlands to upstream water conservancy projects are becoming increasingly crucial for watershed management. Poyang Lake is a dynamic wetland system of critical ecological importance and connected with the Yangtze river. However, in the context of disturbed water regime in Poyang Lake resulting from human activities and climate change, the responses of vegetation dynamics to the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) have not been investigated. We addressed this knowledge gap by using daily water level data and Landsat images from 1987 to 2018. Landsat images were acquired between October and December to ensure similar phenological conditions. Object-oriented Artificial Neural Network Regression for wetland classification was developed based on abundant training and validation samples. Interactions between vegetation coverage and water regimes pre and post the operation of the TGD were compared using classification and regression trees and the random forest model. Since the implementation of the TGD in 2003, Poyang Lake has become drier, especially during the dry season. A more rapid plant growth rate was observed post TGD (44.74 km2 year−1) compared to that of the entire study period (12.9 km2 year−1). Average water level for the antecedent 20 days most significantly affected vegetation before 2003, whereas average water level for the antecedent 5 or 10 days was more important after 2003. The impoundment of the TGD after the flood season accelerated the drawdown processes of Poyang Lake, and the rapidly exposed wetlands accelerated vegetation expansion during the dry seasons, resulting in shrinkage and degradation of the lake area. This study deepens our knowledge of the influences of newly developed dams on lakes and rivers. 相似文献
32.
本文设计了一种用于地震预报和地震对策的模型体系。任何规模庞大、结构复杂、功能综合的大系统都不能用一个单一模型来处理,因为单一模型容纳的变量有限、研究的问题受到局限。地震预报和地震对策系统包含长、中、短、临地震预报,强余震预报及震前、震后的对策等,研究的目标多、功能复杂,需要建立一个相当规模的模型体系来解决这一问题。用系统工程的方法设计和建立各个模型,使各模型的输出、输入互相匹配,功能互相补充。该模型体系具有预报功能和决策功能。前者包括大区域地震危险性判定,中期(0.5—5年)地震危险性判定,短期(0.5—6月)地震危险性判定,临震(几小时—15天)地震危险性判定以及未来地震类型和强余震趋势的判定等。后者包括震前决策和震后决策。使用的数学方法包括统计方法,模糊集方法和灰色系统方法。 相似文献
33.
1 Introduction Soil is not only the major natural resource on which human being depends for the production of food, feed, fiber, renewable energy and raw materials, but also plays a key role in maintaining the complex terrestrial ecosystems and climate systems of this planet. Recent rapid increase in the human population is placing a great strain on the worlds soil resources. Only about 11% of the global land surface covered by the soils are being used to raise crops and livestock, in other … 相似文献
34.
35.
以远距离的IGS武汉GPS站为参考站,用超长基线双差瞬时精密定位技术,获取汶川Ms8.0地震震时震区连续GPS站1 Hz动态形变序列。同时以较近距离的雅安站为参考站解算动态形变序列,结果显示,两者的形变结果具有很好的一致性。距离断层较近的郫县、成都、绵阳、中江等站形变较大(形变最大的郫县站最大振幅达1.034 m);位于震中南侧的邛崃、雅安等站形变较小。利用动态时序的地震波到时和震中距离估计地震波地壳平均速度为3.1 km/s。 相似文献
36.
BALLOON-BORNE MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OVER BEIJING DURING THE SUMMER AND AUTUMN OF 1993 下载免费PDF全文
Zhou Jun Tan Kun Shao Shisheng Gong Zhiben Shi Guangyu Guo Jiandong Wang Biao Zhang Baowu Sun Baolai Yasunobu Iwasak Masahiko Hayashi Masahiro Hase 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(4):478-487
The results of two balloon soundings during the summer and autumn of 1993 from the Xianghe Observation Station are being utilized in a study of the temporal and spatial distribution of the atmospheric aerosols.The balloon,gondola,instrumentation and atmospheric conditions during the observation period are described.The temporal and spatial characteristics of aerosol concentration,size ratio,mixing ratio,and size distribution for both troposphere and strato-sphere are presented and analyzed. 相似文献
37.
湖南省传统农区乡村功能时空演变及影响因素研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
乡村是城市功能扩散与转移的重要承接地,乡村功能的时空演变及影响因素分析对实现城乡统筹发展与可持续发展具有重要意义。综合运用熵值法、冷热点分析和地理探测器等方法,以湖南省102个县市为研究对象,对湖南省乡村功能的时空演变、空间分异及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:① 1997―2017年县域乡村生产和生活功能整体上呈现出上升的发展态势,而乡村生态功能整体上呈减弱的趋势。② 1997―2017年湖南省乡村功能热点区由长株潭地区向外扩张,而冷点区呈先收缩后扩张的发展态势;20 a间,在长株潭地区形成稳定的热点区,在湘西地区形成稳定的冷点区。③ 湖南省乡村功能空间分异是农业现代化、乡村就业主体、县域经济基础、城镇化、工业化等综合作用的结果,其影响力大小与方向存在显著的差异性,其中农业现代化水平、乡村就业主体对湖南省及5个地区乡村功能空间分异有重要的驱动作用。 相似文献
38.
Zhu Yalin Ma Chi Tan Kun Chen Juxiang Wang Yixian 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(8):5479-5492
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Due to the complexity of the interaction between the geogrid and the soil interface in high earth-rock dams, the method of replacing the grid with steel... 相似文献
39.
Li-Hong Geng Cheng-Ming Tan Yi-Hua Yan Bao-Lin Tan Dong-Hao Liu Jin-Ping Dun 《天文和天体物理学研究(英文版)》2021,(6):219-228
This work analyzes the annual fluctuation of the observation data of the Mingantu Solar radio Telescope(MST) in S, C and X bands. It is found that the data vary with local air temperature as the logarithmic attenuation of equipment increases with temperature and frequency. A simplified and effective calibration method is proposed, which is used to calibrate the MST data in 2018–2020, while the correction coefficients are calculated from data in 2018–2019. For S, C and X bands, the root mean square errors of one polarization are 2.7, 5.7 and 20 sfu, and the relative errors are 4%, 6% and 8% respectively. The calibration of MUSER and SBRS spectra is also performed. The relative errors of MUSER at 1700 MHz,SBRS at 2800 MHz, 3050 MHz and 3350 MHz are 8%, 8%, 11% and 10% respectively. We found that several factors may affect the calibration accuracy, especially at X-band. The method is expected to work for other radio telescopes with similar design. 相似文献
40.
Many natural porous geological rock formations, as well as engineered porous structures, have fractal properties, i.e., they
are self-similar over several length scales. While there have been many experimental and theoretical studies on how to quantify
a fractal porous medium and on how to determine its fractal dimension, the numerical generation of a fractal pore structure
with predefined statistical and scaling properties is somewhat scarcer. In the present paper a new numerical method for generating
a three-dimensional porous medium with any desired probability density function (PDF) and autocorrelation function (ACF) is
presented. The well-known Turning Bands Method (TBM) is modified to generate three-dimensional synthetic isotropic and anisotropic
porous media with a Gaussian PDF and exponential-decay ACF. Porous media with other PDF's and ACF's are constructed with a
nonlinear, iterative PDF and ACF transformation, whereby the arbitrary PDF is converted to an equivalent Gaussian PDF which
is then simulated with the classical TBM. Employing a new method for the estimation of the surface area for a given porosity,
the fractal dimensions of the surface area of the synthetic porous media generated in this way are then measured by classical
fractal perimeter/area relationships. Different 3D porous media are simulated by varying the porosity and the correlation
structure of the random field. The performance of the simulations is evaluated by checking the ensemble statistics, the mean,
variance and ACF of the simulated random field. For a porous medium with Gaussian PDF, an average fractal dimension of approximately
2.76 is obtained which is in the range of values of actually measured fractal dimensions of molecular surfaces. For a porous
medium with a non-Gaussian quadratic PDF the calculated fractal dimension appears to be consistently higher and averages 2.82.
The results also show that the fractal dimension is neither strongly dependent of the porosity nor of the degree of anisotropy
assumed. 相似文献