Global ionosphere map constructed by using total electron content from ground-based GNSS receiver and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC GPS occultation experiment

Effects of rapidly changing ionospheric weather are critical in high accuracy positioning, navigation, and communication applications. A system used to construct the global total electron content (TEC) distribution for monitoring the ionospheric weather in near-real time is needed in the modern society. Here we build the TEC map named Taiwan Ionosphere Group for Education and Research (TIGER) Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) from observations of ground-based GNSS receivers and space-based FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) GPS radio occultation observations using the spherical harmonic expansion and Kalman filter update formula. The TIGER GIM (TGIM) will be published in near-real time of 4-h delay with a spatial resolution of 2.5° in latitude and 5° in longitude and a high temporal resolution of every 5 min. The F3/C TEC results in an improvement on the GIM of about 15.5%, especially over the ocean areas. The TGIM highly correlates with the GIMs published by other international organizations. Therefore, the routinely published TGIM in near-real time is not only for communication, positioning, and navigation applications but also for monitoring and scientific study of ionospheric weathers, such as magnetic storms and seismo-ionospheric anomalies.     

GPS/BDS short-term ISB modelling and prediction

GPS Solutions - The Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has completed its first milestone by providing coverage of the Asia–Pacific area navigation service since December 27,...     

Design of an adaptive GPS vector tracking loop with the detection and isolation of contaminated channels

GPS Solutions - In vector tracking loop (VTL), the relativity among received signals is exploited to deeply integrate the entire information within signal processing channels. However, the tracking...     

Global city and precarious work of migrants in China: a survey of seven cities

Drawing on data from a sample of 2,518 migrant workers from seven cities in China, this paper examines how precarious work of migrants varies across different types of cities. The research finds that compared with their counterparts in the non-global cities, migrant workers in Shanghai experience lower levels of precarity in their jobs. Additionally, with regards to different aspects of precariousness of work, Shanghai performs particularly better on providing labor contracts and social insurances. Contrary to the standard “Global City” hypothesis, it seems that in a developing country such as China, globalization is more likely to improve the institutionalization and standardization of industrial relationships rather than decay them.     

Climate conditions and relative abundance of C<Subscript>3</Subscript> and C<Subscript>4</Subscript> vegetation during the past 40 ka inferred from lake sediments in Wudalianchi,northeast China

Paleoclimate and paleovegetation changes over the last 40 cal ka were recorded by multiple variables in a sediment core from Qingshi, Wudalianchi City, northeast China. The history of vegetation types inferred from n-C₂₇/n-C₃₁ and average chain length of n-alkanes indicates the paleovegetation went through several distinct stages, consistent with pollen records from the study area. Compound-specific carbon isotope composition was also determined for C₂₇, C₂₉ and C₃₁ n-alkanes in the Qingshi core sediments. The relative abundance of C₃ and C₄ plants was calculated using a binary model and indicates that C₃ plants were the dominant input during the last glacial and Holocene. There were, however, shifts in the ratio of C₃ to C₄ vegetation abundance that correspond to changes in climate conditions. Generally, the long-term trend towards greater C₄ plant abundance from the last glacial to Holocene correlated with an increase in pCO₂, higher temperature, greater precipitation and more growing season precipitation. Our results suggest that temperature and seasonality of precipitation played a strong role in altering the relative abundance of C₃ and C₄ plants in the study area. These results provide information for predicting future vegetation changes in response to on-going global warming.     

基于GIS的承德乡村地名文化景观空间分布特征

将承德地区乡村地名作为离散点,以GIS中移动搜索法的点距离空间平滑分析法为支撑,从地理区域这一角度分析地名文化景观空间分布特征。研究发现：承德地区自然类景观,以“山”、“水文”、“动植物”命名的地名分布主要位于中低海拔高度的平坦地区;承德地区乡村地名文化景观划分为军事活动类、经济活动类、房屋建筑类、美愿与纪念类、满蒙少数民族语言及方言类,其空间分布特征与当地历史时期的军事、生产生活、社会变迁的相对频繁程度以及人口稠密情况基本上相符合。     

多中心空间结构经济绩效的研究进展及启示

通过回顾国外多中心经济绩效的相关理论与实证研究,探讨多中心空间结构的经济绩效,特别是单中心与多中心绩效的对比研究,得出如下结论：由于城市之间可以通过“互借规模”、发挥专业化分工与协作的比较优势,加之较小的城市规模可以相对避免集聚不经济的产生,多中心空间结构理论上可以获得同等规模单一城市享有的集聚经济;受城市规模、发展阶段、地理空间尺度、功能联系、行业构成的异质性等因素影响,多中心空间结构的经济绩效表现不一。最后提出了深化国内研究的方向以及相关政策启示。     

都市区空间结构与经济发展的互动关系研究

文章采用结构方程模型实证检验空间结构与经济发展的互动关系。研究发现,中国都市区已经进入多中心分散阶段,空间结构与经济发展存在因果关系,即经济发展水平的提高会扩大人口规模,规模增加则导致集聚不经济上升,并促进空间结构多中心化。多中心化后的空间结构由于降低了集聚不经济而进一步提高生产率。因而,传统地理学中关于两者互动发展的描述得到实证支持;同时明确了多中心化的直接动力是人口规模的增加,而不是经济发展水平的提高。这些发现对于优化当前中国的城市与区域空间战略具有重要的启示。     

中国住宅出让地价发育特征及其影响因素分析

基于中国土地市场网2009~2013年招、拍、挂出让的住宅用地数据,以县级行政区域作为研究单元,建立区域住宅地价综合模型,选取地价水平、地价增长率和交易宗数作为评价指标,采用Ward系统聚类法,综合分析了中国住宅出让地价的发育特征,利用多分类Logistic回归模型探索了各类地价发育形态的潜在影响因素。结果表明：① 研究期内中国住宅出让地价总体呈现东高西低、沿海高于内陆、城市群带动周边区域发展、城市群内部围绕中心城市增长等空间格局特征;中西部地价高增长的单元多于东部,西北、东北中南部、四川盆地、河西走廊以及长江中下游地区是地价高增长的聚集区;住宅市场活跃度呈阶梯状变化,活跃度较高的地区主要分布在山东半岛、长三角、长江中游、辽宁中部、哈尔滨、成渝、滇中、呼包鄂等城市群。② 根据综合特征,中国住宅出让地价空间发育可分为成熟稳健型、发展完善型、成长发展型、萌芽起步型和成长受阻型5类,相邻发育形态在空间关系上表现出互为邻里的特征。③ 各类发育区的主要影响因素差异显著。区位条件、居民收入和财政收入是地价发育成熟度的主要影响因素;人均GDP、国土开发度提升将促进地价形态发育程度;而人口吸引力不足、基础设施建设相对滞后等将导致地价形态发育受阻。     

基于IPA法的传统型景区游客满意度评价——以琅琊山景区为例

游客满意度评价对景区规划、建设和管理很重要。结合文献分析与德尔菲法,构建了传统型景区游客满意度评价指标体系,并以琅琊山景区为例采用IPA模型进行案例分析。结果表明:琅琊山景区7个要素测度层——资源特色、景区环境、景区产品、景区交通、景区服务、景区设施、景区价格及30项因子测度指标感知均值都为满意度重要性,游后感知实绩(满意度)全低于游前期望(重要性);IPA矩阵分析30项因子分布为:优势区域6项、修补区域4项、机会区域15项、维持区域5项,游后满意度(实绩)与游前重要性(期望)感知评价"双高项"占20.0%,"双低项"占50.0%。总体上游客期望值较高而满意度不高,各评价因子的满意度评价差异较大,景区需提升产品与服务。