大兴安岭呼中钼多金属矿床成矿流体特征及成矿机制

大兴安岭呼中镇钼多金属矿床产于早白垩世碎裂花岗岩中,矿体形态似层状、脉状或透镜状。成矿阶段分为辉钼矿阶段、铜铅锌阶段、方解石阶段等3个阶段。本矿床中的包裹体主要有气液H_2O包裹体、气相H_2O包裹体、含子矿物H_2O包裹体,CO_2包裹体、CO_2-H_2O包裹体等五大类。辉钼矿阶段均一温度为209.2℃413.4℃,盐度ω(NaCleq)为0.53%16.53%,平均值7.3%,属中低盐度,成矿压力在53.3 68.5 MPa,相应的成矿深度为2 052 2 807 m;铜铅锌阶段为191.5℃351.0℃,盐度ω(NaCleq)为0.88%34.24%,平均值3.96%,属低盐度;方解石阶段207.2℃233.5℃,盐度ω(NaCleq)为3.55%4.18%,平均值3.77%,为低盐度。从辉钼矿阶段到铜铅锌阶段再到方解石阶段,温度及盐度逐渐降低。辉钼矿成矿压力在53.3 72.9 MPa,成矿深度为2 052 2 807 m。成矿过程中发生了CO_2-H_2O不混溶作用,这是导致辉钼矿沉淀的主要机制。矿床类型属中低温浅成热液型矿床。     

Occurrence and conceptual sedimentary model of Cambrian gypsum-bearing evaporites in the Sichuan Basin,SW China

During the Cambrian, gypsum-bearing evaporites formed in the Sichuan Basin, SW China. These rocks are important for oil and gas sealing, but details of their distribution and origin are not well established. This study examines the regional distribution and origin of the gypsum-bearing evaporites using a comprehensive analysis of drilling data from 34 wells, 5 measured cross-sections in the basin and surrounding area, and 96 maps of area-survey data. Results show that in the stratigraphic succession, the gypsum-bearing evaporites occur mainly in the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation, the Middle Cambrian Douposi Formation, and the Middle-Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Group. Geographically, the rocks are found mainly in the southeastern part of the basin, and the distribution of deposits shows an overall SW-NE trend. The sedimentary environments for evaporite formation were evaporative lagoon and inter-platform basin in a platform setting. Gypsum was generated by the underwater concentration of sea water in a strongly evaporative environment. Both an evaporative restricted platform and a mixeddeposition restricted platform model appear to be applicable to the development of gypsum in the Sichuan Basin. The gypsum-bearing evaporites with the best sealing capacity are located mostly in the southeastern part of the basin. These constraints can be applied directly to regional exploration, and have implications for the regional paleogeography and paleoclimate.     

Helical probe tests in residual soils of the Appalachian Piedmont

Helical probe tests (HPT) are a quick and economical means for manual field testing of soils to depths of 1.5 m with readings taken at 0.15-m intervals in only 10 min. The equipment is lightweight (only 2 kg) and thus amenable to deploy on initial site reconnaissance explorations, shallow pavement projects, earth retention walls, and/or compaction of fills. Although suitable for use in a variety of geomaterials: sands, silts, clays, and mixed soils, the specific application to residual fine sandy silts and silty fine sands of the Appalachian Piedmont and Blue Ridge geologic provinces is shown here. Existing relationships for converting the measured HPT torque reading to equivalent cone penetration testing (CPT) tip resistances are reviewed, as well as other trends.     

吉林永吉县头道沟地区镁铁—超镁铁质岩U-Pb年代学研究及地质意义

吉林省永吉县头道沟地区出露许多与头道沟岩组相伴产出的镁铁—超镁铁质岩,鉴于其处于长春-延吉构造带附近而受到业内关注,但由于缺少高精度年代学资料,制约了对区域大地构造的深入研究。本文采用锆石U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS)方法,对镁铁—超镁铁质岩进行了年代学研究。变质辉绿岩年龄为270±5 Ma,变质橄榄岩中捕获锆石最小年龄为297 Ma,考虑岩石组合及二者紧密相伴产出,认为二者均形成于中二叠世。镁铁—超镁铁质岩中捕获的锆石记录了华北克拉通及其北缘多次重要的构造热事件。其中,变辉绿岩中获得446±6 Ma的年龄与变质橄榄岩中获得的不一致线下交点434±240 Ma年龄共同对应了华北克拉通北缘早古生代的重要构造岩浆热事件;大量的1.8~2.4Ga年龄对应古元古代辽吉造山带热事件;1377 Ma、1542 Ma与蓟县系建造时代对应;869~997 Ma与青白口系建造时代对应;在变质辉绿岩中还存在众多3.0~3.2Ga锆石年龄。分析上述年龄结构及龙岗陆块北缘古生代地质体分布特征,推测研究区深部可能存在古老的变质基底,同时也表明研究区出露的镁铁—超镁铁质岩形成于陆内构造环境,而非蛇绿岩的组成成分,这对深化区域大地构造研究具有重要意义。     

Os水吸收液ICP-MS测量信号强度衰减原因研究

蒸馏法能从样品中有效分离出OsO_4,吸收液直接用于ICP-MS测定,是辉钼矿Re-Os定年的关键技术环节。但实验发现,长时间放置的吸收液中Os信号强度显著降低。根据OsO_4化学性质推测原因在于一是挥发使吸收液Os含量减少,二是还原使+8价Os变成低价态,气态比例降低,若雾化效率不变,进入质谱仪的Os减少,两者都会导致信号降低,但具体影响情况不明,需深入研究。本文利用辉钼矿标准物质制备不同放置时间、酸度和温度的吸收液,对比上述条件对ICP-MS信号强度的影响。实验时将残余吸收液与稀释剂、氧化剂封入Carius管加热蒸馏,测定Os含量。结果表明:吸收液放置时间越长,酸度越低,温度越高,信号降幅越大,幅度达到3.2%~68.6%。室温下放置相同时间,低酸度吸收液的Os保存率高于高酸度吸收液,但Os信号强度低于后者,证明了挥发和还原共同导致信号衰减,且还原是主导原因。本文提出,冷冻(-18℃)可抑制OsO_4挥发,提高酸度(约3.5 mol/L)可减弱OsO_4还原,两者结合抑制信号衰减,提高了蒸馏法的灵活性和适用性。     

巴音戈壁盆地南部塔木素铀矿床水岩作用特征及其与铀成矿关系研究

在较封闭的环境中,塔木素铀矿床高矿化度(平均矿化度为35.4 g/L)NaCl型地下水中的Na+替换了斜长石中的Ca2+,使斜长石由更长石(An≈13)转变为钠长石(An≈1),被替换出的Ca_2+(以CaO计,约占斜长石总质量的4.5%)与地下水中的HCO_3~-、CO_3~(2-)及Mg~(2+)等结合形成了白云石等碳酸盐胶结物。在此过程中发生了脱碳作用,促使地下水中以[UO_2(CO_3)_3]~(4-)、[UO_2(CO_3)_3]~(2-)等碳酸铀酰络合离子及Mg CO_3·Na_2UO_2(CO_3)_2复盐发生分离而形成了铀的沉淀,并受扩散作用影响,水中的铀趋向于向水岩作用相对强烈地段迁移,从而促使铀在特定的层位集中、富集。同时,斜长石因水岩作用(溶解、溶蚀等),在解理面及表面形成了次生的缝隙及孔洞等,为铀沉淀提供了空间。成岩后,含SO_4~(2-)等的酸性地表水沿层间下渗,溶解了砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物而形成了溶洞,为后期再次迁移的铀提供了沉淀空间,并形成了铀的进一步叠加、富集。     

Water system characteristics of Karst river basins in South China and their driving mechanisms of hydrological drought

Natural Hazards - It is common knowledge that drought is considered one of the most damaging natural disasters in terms of economic costs, societal problems, and ecological impacts. In this study,...     

The Derivation and Validation of TBM Disc Cutter Wear Prediction Model

The problem of disc cutter wear is inevitable when shield or TBM excavating hard rock for a long distance, thus, the study of disc cutter wear model has an important project value on predicting its service life and replacement opportunity. It is put forward by analyzing disc cutter wear mechanism that the main wear form is abrasive wear, which is based on plastic removal mechanism. Then, disc cutter wear rate and linear wear rate prediction models are obtained by approximate calculation and mathematical deduction, which are based on Rabinowicz equation and CSM model. At last, the two models are verified through field test data from three projects, and the results show that the prediction model can accurately reflect the real wear situation of disc cutter.     

Dynamic Response to Seismic Waves at the Shallow Slope Supported by Bolts

In the soil slope supported by bolts, longitude waves instead of transverse waves, generated by earthquakes, first reach the slope surface. With the dynamic response of the P (pressure) wave along the anchorage structure, first, a theoretical study was conducted to investigate the propagation characteristics of the interference superposition, generated by the SV (shear-vertical) and the P waves. The SV wave was formed by the wave, originating from the bottom and reflected from the free surface of the slope, whereas the latter was the incident P wave, propagating in the slope. In addition, the structural measures, restraining the seismic wave, and the characteristics of the restraint effect at the free segment of the bolt were investigated. According to the wave-way difference between the incident P wave and the reflected SV wave, the minimum critical slope angle, influenced by the interference at the shallow slope, and the maximum influencing depth of the dynamic response, acting vertically to the slope surface, were obtained. The results indicate that the maximum influencing depth linearly correlated with the slope angle. Furthermore, based on the propagation characteristics of the P wave along the bolt, and the coupled relation between the wave length and the anchorage design parameters, the axial acceleration of the wave propagating along the bolt axis was obtained. Then, the theoretical length of the anti-seismic bolt, subjected to seismic waves, and the compensation force of the anchorage structure were obtained. Finally, a numerical study, based on FlAC3D, properly verified the theoretical conclusions.     

高密度电法在草炭土分布特征调查中的应用

为了更好的研究草炭土湿地基本信息,获取草炭土分布特征,选择吉林省东部沼泽草炭土湿地为研究对象,运用高密度电阻率法,对比不同装置下探测结果的差异,再与已知的探槽资料做对比,得出温纳—施伦贝格装置为最可靠、最合理的探测装置。再将该装置运用到其他草炭土地区,得出对草炭土湿地的探测为浅层地质问题,草炭土的视电阻率为50~300Ω·m,深度为1.2~3.9 m,在反演图像中表现为低阻体部分,各地层间层状结构明显,电性界限分明。