Distribution of Palygorskite in the Lingtai Profile of Chinese Loess Plateau: Its Paleoclimatic Implications

Palygorskite is a typical indicator mineral of the arid and strong evaporation environment. Distribution of palygorskite in loess-red clay sequences may act as an important indicator for reconstruction of the paleoenvironment and paleoclimate. In this paper, field emission scanning electron microscope and high-resolution transmission electron microscope observations on the red clay-loess-paleosol of the Renjiapo profile at Lingtai, Gansu Province indicate that palygorskite occurs widely in red clay sequences formed before 3.6 Ma, but no occurrence has been found in eolian sediments since 3.2 Ma. Micromorphological features and microstructure of palygorskite show that it is an autogenic mineral formed during pedogenesis, and transformed from iilite-montmorilionite under the pore water action. In the Lingtai profile, the disappearance horizon of palygorskite is consistent with those of increasing magnetic susceptibility, dust flux and depositional rate. The distribution of palygorskite in the profile indicates that the interval of around 3.6 Ma was an important transformation period of the East Asian paleomonsoon, when changes took place in the East Asia paleoclimate pattern, i.e. a high-frequency strong fluctuation alternative evolution of the environment. Therefore, palygorskite is a key indicator mineral of the East Asian paleomonsoon evolution of that time.     

GM（1，1）动态模型在吴江市地下水水位预测中的应用

以吴江市地下水水位预测为例,详细阐述了地下水水位时间序列的GM（1,1）动态模型的原理和建立过程,并根据模型的预测值和实测值,对模型的精度进行了检验,结果表明,模型的预测精度达到了99．27％,等级属于Ⅰ级,具有实际的应用价值,为地下水资源的科学管理提供了依据。     

地理信息标准研制的国内外进展及思考

通过对比分析国内外地理信息标准研制的进展,发现国内外标准化机构的工作重点均从地理数据标准化逐渐向地理信息服务标准化转变.在此基础上,从工作机制和标准研制两方面,思考了我国地理信息标准化近期应采取的对策.     

137Cs示踪的渤海湾黄骅港两侧海区的沉积特征

取自黄骅港防波堤两侧海区的7个无扰动柱状沉积物岩心的^137Cs示踪研究显示．该区^137Cs曲线可以分为3种类型：①不连续的^137Cs曲线（表层未检测到^137Cs）,②连续的^137Cs曲线（表层检测到^137Cs）,③未检测到^137Cs的曲线。^137Cs示踪的沉积速率结果显示：①NE向伸展的防砂堤截断原SE向的沿岸流后,造成了黄骅港防波堤两侧近岸差异性现代沉积过程,即堤北侧距岸约4km以内海区现代沉积速为0．69～1．12cm／a,堤南侧距岸约4km处的站位8以内无沉积物沉积;（2）防砂堤南侧的岸外10km、水深约-4m处,存在一个速率高达1．36cm／a的现代沉积中心。上述结果与前人的工作成果对比表明,黄骅港建港前后,现代沉积速率的空间分布特征发生了明显的变化,进一步说明与人类活动密切相关的地质环境变化主导了现在的地质环境变化．应当引起人们的更多重视。     

西天山艾肯达坂一带铁木里克组的确立及对造山时限的制约

新疆西天山艾肯达坂以东出露一大套陆相磨拉石建造,厚度约2 800 m,角度不整合在含煤系的石炭系科古琴山组之上,主要岩性是砾岩、粗砂岩夹少量细砂岩、粉砂岩.由于其中化石稀少,时代难以确定.1971年新疆地质局区域地质测量大队完成的1:20万小布鲁斯台幅称其为早二叠世下亚组和上亚组.作者于2004年在此处进行1:5万区域地质矿产调查时发现了一层灰岩,其中找到了蚌壳等淡水动物化石,确定其时代为晚二叠世,并将其划归为铁木里克组.铁木里克组经受了二叠纪末期的构造运动,被产状平缓的侏罗系中下统水西沟组角度不整合覆盖,三叠系缺失,以此来确定本回造山时间应在二叠纪末结束.     

幔源CO_2释出机理、脱气模式及成藏机制研究进展

针对幔源CO2如何从地幔岩浆中脱出并进入沉积地层中形成CO2气藏聚集这一关键问题,总结了国内外研究进展和前缘方向。研究表明,地幔深部的碱性玄武岩浆和碱性岩浆才是深部流体和CO2等挥发份大量赋存、渗滤和释出的场所。浅成侵入岩、次火山岩和火山通道等是CO2释放和聚集的有利位置,岩浆期后和岩浆衰弱期的热液活动阶段是CO2大量释放和聚集的有利时期。幔源CO2进入沉积盆地中具有3种脱气模式,即沿岩石圈断裂直接脱气模式、热流底辟体脱气模式和壳内岩浆房-基底断裂组合脱气模式。CO2的固有物化性质决定其运移相态多样,具有运移和聚集过程同步的特征。只有在满足大量的化学消耗及地层水或原油的溶解和耗散之后才能形成CO2有效聚集。幔源CO2成藏和分布主要受岩浆气源体和气源断裂体系的控制。今后,在超临界CO2及其对油气运移聚集的作用、CO2与深大断裂及火山岩的关系、CO2脱气运移机制、CO与常规烃类油气的耦合差异成藏机制等方面仍需要进一步的研究和探索。     

基于ArcGIS的动态符号化设计与实现

地图符号是地图的语言单位,通过对地图符号的解读,可以直观的了解地图所表达的地理信息。ArcGis的符号化功能对于测绘符号的绘制是有一定局限的。而其他大部分测图软件的符号系统基本上是针对各个软件的,不同的软件都有独立的符号系统,离开了软件平台,如不打散块状符号或不添加辅助线就不能为其它软件所调用,本文中提出的ArcSymbol插件实现了在ArcGis操作环境下无需打散或添加辅助线即可方便、快速、无损的查看和打印满足地形图图式要求的图形,减少空间数据库中的数据冗余。并且ArcSymbol支持Shape、Coverage、Geodatabase格式,不需要数据的转换就能轻松地实现图形符号化,实现符号化的无损性。     

A dynamic box model of bioactive elements in the southern Taiwan Strait

A dynamic box model was applied to study the characteristics of biogeochemical cycling of PO_4-P,NO_3-N,AOU,POC and PON in the southern Taiwan Strait region based on field data of the"Minnan Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground Upwelling Ecosystem Study" during the period of Dec.1987-Nov.1988.According to the unique hydrological and topographical features of the region,six boxesand three layers were considered in the model.The variation rates and fluxes of elements induced by hor-izontal current,upwelling,by diffusion,sinking of particles and biogeochemical processes were estimatedrespectively.Results further confirmed that upwellings had important effects in this region.Thenearshore upwelling areas had net input fluxes of nutrients brought by upwelling water,also had high de-pletion rates of nutrients and production rates of particulate organic matter and dissolved oxygen.Theabnormal net production of nutrients in the middle layer(10-30m) indicated the important role of bacte-ria in this high production region.Th     

The elastic properties of single-crystal fayalite as determined by dynamical measurement techniques

We present new elasticity measurements on single-crystal fayalite and combine our results with other data from resonance, pulse superposition interferometry, and Brillouin scattering to provide a set of recommended values for the adiabatic elastic moduliC _ij and their temperature variations. We use a resonance method (RPR) with specimens that were previously investigated by pulse superposition experiments. The nineC _ij of fayalite are determined from three new sets of measurements. One set of our newC _ij data is over the range 300–500 K. We believe that the relatively large discrep ncies found in someC _ij are due in large part to specimen inhomogeneities (chemical and microstructural) coupled with differences in the way various techniques sample, rather than only systematic errors associated with experimental procedures or in the preparations of the specimens.Our recommendeaC _ij's (GPa) and (C _ij/T) _p (GPa/K) are: The resulting values for the isotropic bulk and shear moduli,K _s and , and their temperature derivatives are:K _s=134(4) GPa; =50.7(0.3) GPa; (K _s/T) _p =–0.024(0.005) GPa/K; and (/T) _p =–0.013(0.001) GPa/K. An important conclusion is thatK _s increases as the Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratio in olivine is increased.     

改进的模拟退火－单纯形综合反演方法

实际中的大量地球物理反演是一个多参数、非线性优化问题,所采用的目标函数,即度量由参数化的理论模型得出的预测值与观测值的吻合程度,往往具有多个局部极值．针对这类问题,本文综合全局反演方法具有的全域搜索能力强、局部方法收敛速度快和“均匀设计”布点效率高的特点,提出了模拟退火－单纯性综合反演方法,并通过一维声波非线性反演验证了这种综合方法的搜索能力和效率．