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21.
Post-mine metal transport and attenuation in the Keno Hill mining district, central Yukon, Canada 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The Keno Hill mining district in central Yukon was the second largest silver producer in Canada with mines operating from
1913 to 1989 on more than 65 vein silver deposits. The seven and a half decades of mining activities have generated large
volumes of mine waste disposed on the land surface, resulting in elevated metal contents in numerous small drainages. To assess
the extent of metal mobilization, old mine workings and the associated mine waste were examined and the water courses draining
to a major river valley sampled. The results of field observations and an array of water and sediment analyses led to three
major conclusions. 1. Acid mine drainage is not widespread because of galvanic protection of pyrite from oxidative dissolution
and neutralization by carbonates in the country rock. 2. Mechanisms operative to limit aqueous metal transport in small streams
in the district include cryogenic precipitation, coprecipitation and sorption. 3. The near-surface concentration of metals
limits the options of waste disposal in future mining developments due to potential metal-leaching problems.
Received: 12 December 1995 · Accepted: 26 March 1996 相似文献
22.
Based on the non-Gaussian joint elevation and slope density function developed by Huang et al. (1984), the expected number of threshold crossing at an arbitrary level for a nonlinear wave field is derived. The distribution of the expected threshold crossing per unit time as a function of the crossing level is skewed with respect to the mean water level. This skewness also causes the mean zero crossing per unit time to deviate from the expected frequency of the wave field. 相似文献
23.
Jia‐Jyun Dong Chyi‐Tyi Lee Yu‐Hsiang Tung Chia‐Nan Liu Kuang‐Ping Lin Jiin‐Fa Lee 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(12):1612-1624
This study proposes a sediment‐budget model to predict the temporal variation of debris volume stored in a debris‐flow prone watershed. The sediment‐budget is dominated by shallow landslides and debris outflow. The basin topography and the debris volume stored in the source area of the debris‐flow prone watershed help evaluating its debris‐flow susceptibility. The susceptibility model is applied to the Tungshih area of central western Taiwan. The importance of the debris volume in predicting debris‐flow susceptibility is reflected in the standardized coefficients of the proposed statistical discriminant model. The high prediction rate (0·874) for the occurrence of debris flows justifies the capability of the proposed susceptibility models to predict the occurrence of debris flows. This model is then used to evaluate the temporal evolution of the debris‐flow susceptibility index. The analysis results show that the numbers of watershed which are classified as a debris‐flow group correspond well to storage of sediment at different time periods. These numbers are 10 before the occurrence of Chi‐Chi earthquake, 13 after the occurrence of Chi‐Chi earthquake, 16 after the occurrence of landslides induced by Typhoon Mindulle (Typhoon M), and 14 after the occurrence of debris flows induced by Typhoon M. It indicates that the occurrence of 7·6 Chi‐Chi earthquake had significant impact on the debris flow occurrence during subsequent typhoons. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
24.
Geotectonics - The Red River delta with an area of about 12 620 km2 is one of the largest deltas of Viet Nam and it also is one of the remarkable deltas of Asia. The delta was formed during... 相似文献
25.
Development of high‐performance shake tables using the hierarchical control strategy and nonlinear control techniques 下载免费PDF全文
Conventional shake tables employ linear controllers such as proportional‐integral‐derivative or loop shaping to regulate the movement. However, it is difficult to tune a linear controller to achieve accurate and robust tracking of different reference signals under payloads. The challenges are mainly due to the nonlinearity in hydraulic actuator dynamics and specimen behavior. Moreover, tracking a high‐frequency reference signal using a linear controller tends to cause actuator saturation and instability. In this paper, a hierarchical control strategy is proposed to develop a high‐performance shake table. A unidirectional shake table is constructed at the University of British Columbia to implement and evaluate the proposed control framework, which consists of a high‐level controller and one or multiple low‐level controller(s). The high‐level controller utilizes the sliding mode control (SMC) technique to provide robustness to compensate for model nonlinearity and uncertainties experienced in experimental tests. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with a state‐of‐the‐art loop‐shaping displacement‐based controller. The experimental results show that the proposed hierarchical shake table control system with SMC can provide superior displacement, velocity and acceleration tracking performance and improved robustness against modeling uncertainty and nonlinearities. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
26.
Yee Leung Yu Zhou Ka-Yu Lam Tung Fung Kwan-Yau Cheung Taehong Kim 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):2218-2240
ABSTRACTAir pollution has become a serious environmental problem causing severe consequences in our ecology, climate, health, and urban development. Effective and efficient monitoring and mitigation of air pollution require a comprehensive understanding of the air pollution process through a reliable database carrying important information about the spatiotemporal variations of air pollutant concentrations at various spatial and temporal scales. Traditional analysis suffers from the severe insufficiency of data collected by only a few stations. In this study, we propose a rigorous framework for the integration of air pollutant concentration data coming from the ground-based stations, which are spatially sparse but temporally dense, and mobile sensors, which are spatially dense but temporally sparse. Based on the integrated database which is relatively dense in space and time, we then estimate air pollutant concentrations for given location and time by applying a two-step local regression model to the data. This study advances the frontier of basic research in air pollution monitoring via the integration of station and mobile sensors and sets up the stage for further research on other spatiotemporal problems involving multi-source and multi-scale information. 相似文献
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P. P. Povinec I. Osvath M. S. Baxter S. Ballestra J. Carroll J. Gastaud I. Harms L. Huynh-Ngoc L. Liong Wee Kwong H. Pettersson 《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,35(7-12):235-241
IAEA-MEL participated in five expeditions to the Kara Sea with the aim of assessing the radiological consequences of dumped radioactive wastes in the Novaya Zemlya Bays and Trough. The programme included sampling, in-situ underwater investigations, laboratory analyses of water, sediment and biota samples, the development of a marine radioactivity database, modelling and radiological assessment, the organization of intercomparison exercises and the evaluation of distribution coefficients. Radiometric investigations have shown that no radiologically significant environmental contamination has occurred. Leakages which have led to locally increased levels of radionuclides in sediment have only been observed in Stepovoy and Abrosimov Bays. Computer modelling results suggest that only radiological effects on local and regional scales may be of importance. The global radiological impact of the disposals in the Arctic Seas will be negligible. 相似文献
30.
Semi-sealed preservation of soil samples at different moisture of 4% and 23%, respectively, was simulated to observe the variations of soil microbial communities and determine the contents and isotopic compositions of the total organic carbon and total nitrogen on the 7th and 30th day, respectively. The results show that during preservation, the quantity of microbial communities tended to increase first and then decrease, with a wider variation range at higher moisture (23%). At the moisture content of 23%, the microbial communities became more active on the 7th day, but less after 30 days, and their activity was stable with little fluctuation at the moisture content of 4%. However, there were no significant changes in the contents and isotopic compositions of the total organic carbon and total nitrogen. During preservation, the responses of soil microbes to the environment are more sensitive to changes in the total nitrogen and organic carbon contents. It is thus suggested that the variations of microbial communities have not exerted remarkable impacts on the isotope compositions of the total nitrogen and total organic carbon. 相似文献