甘肃省舟曲县"8.8"特大山洪泥石流灾害与气象成因分析及其应对建议

通过调查舟曲地质灾害历史资料.分析降雨与地质灾害的相关性,发现地质灾害与灾害前1～3 h累积降水量、月平均降水量和月暴雨频数明显正相关.然后分析舟曲"8.8"特大山洪泥石流的气象和降水成因.在此基础上,提出舟曲地质灾害的防治措施.     

Geochemistry and origin of deep-seated cracked gas on the northern slope of the Dongying Sag, Shandong Province

Deep-seated cracked gas exploration was achieved great breakthrough in Es4L of the Minfeng area on the northern slope of the Dongying Sag. Carbon isotopic and molecular compositions studies revealed the characteristics of wet gas and a normal trend of carbon isotopic composition. Empirical cutoff points of δ13C2 and δ13C3 and light hydrocarbon compositions distinguished the cracking gas as sapropelic gas. Variations in i/nC5, i/nC4 and δ13C2 fur-ther confirmed that the gas was cracked from residual kerogen. Source characteristics indicated that the gas was de-rived from mature-highly mature source rocks of Es4 with kerogen type II being dominant mixed with some oil-cracking gas. Burial history modeling indicated that there were two hydrocarbon charging periods in Es4L reser-voirs. The first period refers to the Guantao-Minghuazhen stage dominated by oil charging, while the second period refers to the Minghuazhen stage and has been dominated by cracked gas charging till now.     

黔南宾夕法尼亚亚纪礁环境中腕足动物古生态研究

黔南地区宾夕法尼亚亚纪逍遥阶礁相地层中腕足动物普遍发育,主要产长身贝类和石燕贝类。本文主要研究该区腕足动物与造礁生物叶状藻和Fomitchevella 珊瑚之间的生态关系。在叶状藻礁内,小个体腕足动物常附着在藻叶上营假漂浮生活; 但藻叶密集处,小个体腕足动物也难见,可能藻丛造成水流循环不畅使腕足动物难以获得充足的食料; 藻叶稀疏处,腕足动物个体加大,数量增加。在大型Fomitchevella 珊瑚格架礁内,腕足动物与Fomitchevella 之间不存在食物上的竞争。腕足动物介壳层为Fomitchevella 幼虫定殖提供了生物成因的硬质基底,在此基础之上发育了大型珊瑚礁。腕足动物在 Fomitchevella 进入统殖阶段由于生态空间受到局限而退居次要地位。     

西昆仑山甜水海北湖砂楔的形成与环境演变

青藏高原是世界上中低纬度地区冰缘最发育的区域,其中西昆仑山甜水海地区广泛分布着砂楔群等冰缘现象.砂楔是寒冷气候条件的产物,对古气候和古环境的重建具有重要意义.文章通过分析甜水海北湖砂楔矿物特征发现,砂楔填充物基本属于近源堆积;14C测年结果以及粒度再结合砂楔形态分析得出,该砂楔的形成经历了13.9kaB.P.,11.9...     

下辽河平原南部明化镇组咸水体赋存条件及分布特征

下辽河平原南部自上世纪七十年代以来陆续开采了上第三系明化镇组深层地下水,开采至今暴露出一系列的问题,如区域地下水头下降较快形成大面积水头降落、局部出现咸水体扩张及淡水咸化问题,严重威胁该地区居民的淡水资源安全.通过对下辽河平原南部上第三系地下水明化镇组含水层咸水体赋存的地质地貌、补迳排条件、动态特征等进行研究,掌握其赋...     

塔里木盆地奥陶系礁灰岩CO2毛细残余封存能力实验研究

实施CO2地质封存是目前公认的减少温室气体排放的有效方法。在可能进行封存的场所中,咸水含水层封存潜力最大,机理也最为复杂。其中毛细残余封存机理在封存量和封存安全性方面均具有十分重要的意义。在评价毛细残余封存量时,残余气饱和度是一个十分重要的参数。文中提出了测定残余气饱和度的实验方法,并实际应用于中国塔里木盆地奥陶系礁灰...     

Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake

A strong earthquake of magnitude 8 in Richter scale, occurred in Sichuan Province, China on 12 May 2008, triggered about 257 landslide dams. The erodibility of fresh landslide deposits plays an important role in evaluating the initiation and development of breaching of such landslide dams. In this research, field jet index tests were conducted shortly after the earthquake at 27 locations on the Hongshihe landslide dam and the Libaisi landslide dam. The purpose of these tests was to investigate the erodibility of freshly deposited landslide soils. The landslide deposits are broadly graded. The bulk density increases and the coefficient of erodibility decreases with the depth of deposition. The erodibility of the fresh landslide deposits falls into a moderately resistant category and the fresh deposits are much more erodible than the native geomaterials before the earthquake. The main factors that control soil erodibility are found to be grain-size distribution, void ratio, fines content, and plasticity index. Particularly, the coefficient of erodibility decreases exponentially with the degree of compaction. Two empirical equations are developed for estimating the coefficient of erodibility and critical erosive shear stress of the freshly deposited landslide soils based on their basic soil properties.     

Modeling spatial uncertainty of heavy metal content in soil by conditional Latin hypercube sampling and geostatistical simulation

This study proposes the method of simulating spatial patterns and quantifying the uncertainty in multivariate distribution of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) by sequential indicator simulation (SIS) combined with conditional Latin hypercube sampling (cLHS) in Changhua County, Taiwan. The cLHS is used for a sampling then for SIS mapping and assessing uncertainties of heavy metal concentrations. The indicator variogram results indicate that the 700 cLHS samples replicate statistical multivariate distribution and spatial structure of the 1,082 samples. Moreover, the SIS realizations based on 700 cLHS samples are more conservative and reliable than those based on 1,082 samples for delineating soil contamination by all heavy metals with the exception of Zn. Given adequate sampling, soil contamination simulation provides sufficient information for delineating contaminated areas and planning environmental management.     

The efficiency of artificial materials used for erosion control on steep slopes

This study investigates the performance of artificial materials used for erosion control on steep slopes under high rainfall intensity. Soil samples were laid on a 300 × 100 cm platform inclined at either 35° or 45°, after which the soil was covered with various materials and subjected to a rainfall intensity of 130 mm/h for an hour. A wooden-block net covered with a jute net resulted in the greatest erosion resistance, providing 83% resistance at 35° and 76% at 45°. On the 35° slope, the artificial materials showed relatively good erosion resistance. As the slope was raised to 45°, some of the materials did not attach effectively to the soil surface. Thus, the runoff velocity increased and erosion became severe. For optimum erosion resistance, the material used to protect soil must attach to the soil surface well and have structural properties, such as a high coverage ratio to reduce the impact of rainfall on the soil and uniformly distributed transverse structures to reduce runoff energy and trap soil.     

肥城煤田白庄煤矿土地复垦适宜性评价方法探讨

土地复垦适宜性评价是土地复垦方案编制过程中至关重要的环节,该文以白庄煤矿为例,在分析土地复垦相关因素的前提下,遵循一定的评价原则,制定了土地复垦适宜性评价的方法和步骤,并最终确定了复垦区各单元的复垦方向,对同类地区土地复垦方案的编制具有一定的参考价值。