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排序方式: 共有266条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Andreas Ertl Gerald Giester Ulrich Schüssler Helene Brätz Martin Okrusch Ekkehart Tillmanns Hermann Bank 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2013,107(2):265-279
Cu- and Mn-bearing tourmalines from Brazil and Mozambique were characterised chemically (EMPA and LA-ICP-MS) and by X-ray single-crystal structure refinement. All these samples are rich in Al, Li and F (fluor-elbaite) and contain significant amounts of CuO (up to ~1.8 wt%) and MnO (up to ~3.5 wt%). Structurally investigated samples show a pronounced positive correlation between the <Y-O> distances and the (Li + Mn2+ + Cu + Fe2+) content (apfu) at this site with R 2 = 0.90. An excellent negative correlation exists between the <Y-O> distances and the Al2O3 content (R 2 = 0.94). The samples at each locality generally show a strong negative correlation between the X-site vacancies and the (MnO + FeO) content. The Mn content in these tourmalines depends on the availability of Mn, on the formation temperature, as well as on stereochemical constraints. Because of a very weak correlation between MnO and CuO we believe that the Cu content in tourmaline is essentially dependent on the availability of Cu and on stereochemical constraints. 相似文献
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53.
临界转换的早期预警信号 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marten Scheffer George Sugihara Jordi Bascompte Victor Brovkin Vasilis Dakos Hermann Held Max Rietkerk 李迎春 闫伟 蒋长胜 《国际地震动态》2009,(9):1-14
从生态系统到金融市场和气候在内的很多复杂动力系统,都会有临界点,在这样的点上系统可能会发生突变,从而演变到一个对立的动力模式上。在这样的临界点到达之前对其进行预测极为困难,但是现在,不同科学领域的研究工作表明,普遍性的早期预警信号有迹可循。对一系列不同类型的系统来说,这些信号会指示是否正在趋近一个临界阈值。 相似文献
54.
Zircon formation during fluid circulation in eclogites (Monviso, Western Alps): implications for Zr and Hf budget in subduction zones 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
The zircons from an eclogite and an enclosed eclogite-facies vein from the Monviso ophiolite (Western Alps) display contrasting chemical and morphologic features and document different stages of the evolution of the ophiolite. The zircons from the eclogite show a typical magmatic zoning and are enriched in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) over middle rare earth elements (MREEs) and have an accentuated negative Eu anomaly, which indicates that the grains co-crystallised with plagioclase. These magmatic zircons document the formation of oceanic crust at 163 ± 2 Ma. In contrast, zircons from the vein contain inclusions of garnet, omphacite, and rutile, which indicate that they crystallised under eclogite-facies conditions. The vein zircons have Th/U ratios < 0.09, lack Eu anomalies, and are only weakly enriched in HREE with respect to MREE. These features are consistent with a garnet-bearing, plagioclase-free, i.e., eclogite-facies paragenesis. Vein zircons yield an age of 45 ± 1 Ma, which is evidence for Eocene subduction-zone metamorphism of the Monviso ophiolite.In the vein, the apparent coexistence of zircon, omphacite, and garnet permits the determination of a set of trace element distribution coefficients among these minerals at high pressure. This set of partitioning can demonstrate chemical equilibrium among these phases in rocks that show less clear evidence of textural equilibrium. In addition, zircon age can now be linked to sensors of metamorphic pressure-temperature conditions. The presence of zircon and rutile in the vein is another example of high field strength element (HFSE) mobility over short distances in aqueous fluids at eclogite-facies conditions. However, the concentrations of Zr and Hf in the aqueous fluid are estimated to be at least a factor of 10 less than primitive mantle values.Mass balance calculations demonstrate that zircon hosts > 95% of the bulk Zr, 90% of Hf, and ∼25% of U in the vein. Zircon is a residual phase in subducted basalts and sediments up to temperatures of at least 800 to 900 °C. Therefore, residual zircon in subducted crust, together with rutile, control the HFSE in liberated subduction zone fluids/melts and might be partly responsible for negative Zr and Hf anomalies in subduction zone magmas. 相似文献
55.
Starting from the occurrence of a zonal Walker circulation supplementing the meridional Hadley cell, the concept of ultralong waves with diagonal upper troughs extending far into the Tropics is stressed. The model of equatorial upwelling with air‐sea coupling is critically discussed and a modification proposed. An intensification of the subtropical jet at the peak of the 1972 El Niño (as suggested by Rowntree's model calculations) has been verified. Empirical studies deal with the large interannual and interdecadal variations of the energy fluxes at the air‐sea interface; time variations of the oceanic evaporation and sensible heat flux are greater than expected. Using spectrum analysis, the occurrence of a 5‐year periodicity in equatorial rainfall of the Pacific and Indonesia is demonstrated, together with a marked phase shift along the NE coast of New Guinea. 相似文献
56.
Carl Spandler Jörg Hermann Kevin Faure John A. Mavrogenes Richard J. Arculus 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(2):181-198
The transfer of fluid and trace elements from the slab to the mantle wedge cannot be adequately explained by simple models
of slab devolatilization. The eclogite-facies mélange belt of northern New Caledonia represents previously subducted oceanic
crust and contains a significant proportion of talc and chlorite schists associated with serpentinite. These rocks host large
quantities of H2O and CO2 and may transport volatiles to deep levels in subduction zones. The bulk-rock and stable isotope compositions of talc and
chlorite schist and serpentinite indicate that the serpentinite was formed by seawater alteration of oceanic lithosphere prior
to subduction, whereas the talc and chlorite schists were formed by fluid-induced metasomatism of a mélange of mafic, ultramafic
and metasedimentary rocks during subduction. In subduction zones, dehydration of talc and chlorite schists should occur at
sub-arc depths and at significantly higher temperatures (∼ 800°C) than other lithologies (400–650°C). Fluids released under
these conditions could carry high trace-element contents and may trigger partial melting of adjacent pelitic and mafic rocks,
and hence may be vital for transferring volatile and trace elements to the source regions of arc magmas. In contrast, these
hybrid rocks are unlikely to undergo significant decarbonation during subduction and so may be important for recycling carbon
into the deep mantle.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
57.
A Spatial Data Infrastructure Approach for the Characterization of New Zealand's Groundwater Systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Alexander Kmoch Hermann Klug Alistair B. H. Ritchie Jochen Schmidt Paul A. White 《Transactions in GIS》2016,20(4):626-641
The future information needs of stakeholders for hydrogeological and hydro‐climate data management and assessment in New Zealand may be met with an Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards‐compliant publicly accessible web services framework which aims to provide integrated use of groundwater information and environmental observation data in general. The stages of the framework development described in this article are search and discovery as well as data collection and access with (meta)data services, which are developed in a community process. The concept and prototype implementation of OGC‐compliant web services for groundwater and hydro‐climate data include demonstration data services that present multiple distributed datasets of environmental observations. The results also iterate over the stakeholder community process and the refined profile of OGC services for environmental observation data sharing within the New Zealand Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) landscape, including datasets from the National Groundwater Monitoring Program and the New Zealand Climate Database along with datasets from affiliated regional councils at regional‐ and sub‐regional scales. With the definition of the New Zealand observation data profile we show that current state‐of‐the‐art standards do not necessarily need to be improved, but that the community has to agree upon how to use these standards in an iterative process. 相似文献
58.
Hermann L. F. Meyer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1916,7(5-6):193-248
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
59.
60.
Hermann Freudenberg 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1940,31(3-4):285-293
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献