辗转坐标筛选

在只有一个主要因子的前提下,给出一个不涉及到因子权重而输出唯一相似样品的算法。算法里体现了因子间的相互作用。     

热带气旋降水的参考态

浙江省热带气旋过程降水预报的一个基本实践是:事发之后总能找到一个与当前态最相似的历史样本,它的过程雨量及分布特征与当前态未来实况相当接近,基本上可满足预报服务要求,然而要事先找出这个最相似的历史样本,却是十分困难的.文献[1]介绍的,在全体样本空间里用算子DE搜索与当前态最相似历史样本的方法,效果仍不理想,本文从历史样本出现的概率出发,构造若干热带气旋降水的参考态,业务使用时,先将当前态用参考态作类型判别,然后在该类型中进行最相似历史样本的筛选。本文给出了对1990年5次热带气旋所作判别和筛选的结果,并作了讨论。      

非传统矿产资源定量预测的理论思考

近年来,国内外对新型非传统矿产资源研究都予以高度重视,解决矿产资源短缺的这一就是非传统勘查理论与方法研究。“相似类比”一直是地质研究所遵循的基本原理,但对于具有“点型分布”的矿床,以及对于研究区不存在已知矿床没有现成模式进行“相似类比”,什么样的理论可以用来指导我们的找矿预测呢？多样性是复杂系统中客观事物外在表现的基本特征,成矿专属性只是成矿多样性的一种特例或表现形式之一。因此,非传统矿产资源预测评价的新理论必须在理论基础上既适用于寻找传统矿床类型,又不忽视对新类型矿产资源的发现,预测和评价。对于区域成矿预测的分析研究,成矿地质信息的数字化,定量化是地质异常识别与提取的重要基础,矿化特征的数字化,定量化是成矿多样性分析与评价的关键步骤,区域成矿规律的数字化,定量化是矿床谱系分析的理论核心。     

Population distribution and urbanization on both sides of the Hu Huanyong Line: Answering the Premier’s question

In late November 2014, while attending a science exhibition on human settlement at the National Museum, Premier Li Keqiang posed a question to society and scientists regarding the Hu Huanyong Line, which the media subsequently dubbed “the Premier’s question”. This increased awareness and interest in the Hu Huanyong Line and launched a lively debate which provoked a variety of views. In an attempt to address the Premier’s question, this paper firstly reviews the origins of the Hu Huanyong Line, named after the famous population geographer who proposed it in 1935 as part of a wider debate on domestic overpopulation. Using demographic data from China’s first, fifth and sixth censuses, as well as the ArcGIS platform, we analyze the size, proportion and density of populations in the areas southeast and northwest of the Hu Huanyong Line, showing that urbanization and migration have not changed the pattern of population distribution observed by Hu Huanyong. Based on this, we suggest that the pattern of a dense population southeast of the line and sparse population northwest of the line will not fundamentally change for a relatively long time, nor will the situation of urban agglomerations being mainly found in the southeastern region. We also argue that climate and other physical geographic conditions determine that the Hu Huanyong Line shall remain in place. We believe that the question posed by Premier Li Keqiang is solvable, and that with positive policy guidance and rational spatial organization, the northwestern region can achieve more modernization and better quality urbanization, while the same is true for the central region.     

Particulate organic carbon (POC) in surface sediments of the Baltic Sea

In this study, particulate organic carbon (POC) contents and their distribution pattern in surficial sediments of the Baltic Sea are presented for 1,471 sampling stations. POC contents range from approx. 0.1% in shallow sandy areas up to 16% in deep muddy basins (e.g. Gotland Basin). Some novel relationships were identified between sediment mass physical properties (dry bulk density (DBD), grain size) and POC levels. Notably, the highest POC concentrations (about 10–17 mg cm^–3) occur in sandy mud to mud (60–100% mud content) with intermediate POC contents of about 3–7% and DBDs of 0.1–0.4 g cm^–3. Areas with this range in values seem to represent the optimum conditions for POC accumulation in the Baltic Sea. The maximum POC contents (8–16%) are found in fluid mud of the central Baltic Sea characterized by extremely low DBDs (<0.1 g cm^–3) and moderate POC concentrations (4–7 mg cm^–3). Furthermore, sediment mass accumulation rates (MAR), based on ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs measurements and available for 303 sites of the Baltic Sea, were used for assessing the spatial distribution of POC burial rates. Overall, these vary between 14 and 35 g m^–2 year^–1 in the mud depositional areas and, in total, at least 3.5 (±2.9) Mt POC are buried annually. Distribution patterns of POC contents and burial rates are not identical for the central Baltic Sea because of the low MAR in this area. The presented data characterize Baltic Sea sediments as an important sink for organic carbon. Regional differences in organic carbon deposition can be explained by the origin and transport pathways of POC, as well as the environmental conditions prevailing at the seafloor (morphology, currents, redox conditions). These findings can serve to improve budget calculations and modelling of the carbon cycle in this large brackish-water marginal sea.     

二连盆地西部SAR影像与TM影像复合处理及其地质应用

针对SAR与TM数据的不同特征,研究了SAR与TM影像的几何校正方法及波谱信息复合方法,将SAR影像与复合图像进行比较,并且分别用SAR图像和复合图像对内蒙二连盆地进行地质解译,发现雷达图像能够较好地反映沙漠覆盖区的隐伏构造信息,而TM与SAR的复合图像能够较好地发挥两种数据的优势,拓宽了遥感的波段范围,对于图像解译和实际应用都有重要的意义。      

新疆哈密镜儿泉伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床40Ar-39Ar年龄及其地质意义

文章通过对哈密镜儿泉伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床中白云母的40Ar/39Ar同位素定年研究,测得该矿床的同位素年龄数据,其坪年龄为(243±2)Ma。这一结果显示,镜儿泉的含稀有金属伟晶岩脉是在印支期形成的,并且在形成之后没有再受到后期地质事件的影响。与阿尔泰成矿省相似,东天山在印支期也发生了伟晶岩型稀有金属的成矿作用。这表明,东天山地区的成矿演化与阿尔泰地区具有可比性,从而为2个地区的地质找矿指出了新的方向。     

Factors governing subaqueous siliceous sinter precipitation in hot springs: examples from Yellowstone National Park, USA

Abstract Siliceous sinter precipitation within hot spring systems has been attributed to a variety of mechanisms: evaporative concentration, cooling, changes in pH and cation effects. Repetitive in situ (T, pH, alkalinity, etc.) and laboratory (major, minor and trace elemental, stable isotopic) analyses of the waters plus observations of silica precipitation on natural (e.g. twigs, pine cones) as well as artificial substrates (glass slides and copper plates) in the waters substantiate that subaqueous precipitation is occurring throughout the vent to distal end of flow in both Cistern Spring (Norris Geyser Basin) and Deerbone Spring (Lower Geyser Basin), Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA. Quartz and sodium–potassium geothermometers indicate that Cistern Spring is fed by a subsurface reservoir that is between 232 and 272 °C. Calculated reservoir temperatures are significantly lower at Deerbone Spring (182–197 °C). Based on a suite of measured and theoretical saturation indices, downflow changes in the system resulting from evaporative concentration (e.g. Cl increases 10%), changes in pH (e.g. 5·6–7·1) and cation effects (Al and Fe) are of negligible importance in the subaqueous precipitation of hot spring opal‐A. Similarly, at the macroenvironmental scale, potential biotic effects on opal‐A precipitation appear to be minimal. Modelling of the two active siliceous sinter precipitating systems indicates that cooling (e.g. 80–17 °C) is the predominant process governing subaqueous mineral precipitation.     

武汉志留纪兰多维列世盔甲鱼类新材料

汉阳鱼作为湖北武汉地区古生代鱼类的代表,其真实形态一直未被确定下来,同时关于汉阳鱼目内部的系统发育学关系也只停留在其下两个属种的讨论上,并未对其开展详细的分析讨论.采用形态学和分支系统学的方法,对湖北武汉兰多维列世清水组上部的盔甲鱼类新材料进行了详细研究,建立了汉阳鱼科一新属新种:意外洪山鱼(Hongshanaspis...     

THE FORMATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAMS TWO-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICAL-PHYSICAL CLIMATE MODEL

In the paper,we have developed a 2-D physical-dynamical coupled climate model.Some sensitive experiments have been done by use of this model.First of all,we have studied the effects of different results by two radiational calculation schemes on circulation variation.The calculated results have shown that the different radiation parameterization schemes give different results,therefore the variational effects of wind,temperature,and humidity field are presented on the medium-range circulation variation.Besides,we have also studied the role of the meridional eddy momentum fluxes in formation of the monsoon over East Asia.The results of study have shown that on the average,the roles of meridional eddy flux of momentum formative processes of monsoon which is added to momentum equations by using the scheme of moist process parameterization with plateau are manifest.