我国与火山作用有关的宝玉石资源研究

本文将我国已发现的与火山作用有关的宝石资源划分为5种类型,① 幔源成矿类型;② 壳幔成矿类型;③ 火山作用直接成矿类型;④ 火山期后热液成矿类型;⑤ 相关类型。讨论了各种成矿类型的宝石资源的地质学及宝石学特征,介绍了它们开发的情况和对地方经济的意义。通过归纳对比,认为我国目前对与火山作用有关的宝玉石资源形成机理及找矿勘探方面的研究工作是薄弱的。     

A preliminary assessment of threats to arctic marine mammals and their conservation in the coming decades

Over the next several decades, arctic marine mammals will face threats from six areas of human influence: climate change, environmental contaminants, offshore oil and gas activities, shipping, hunting, and commercial fisheries. This paper reviews these factors, the nature and magnitude of the threats they pose, current scientific understanding and management of those threats, and the potential for effective conservation action. Climate change, offshore oil and gas activities, and commercial fisheries likely pose the greatest threats. Addressing the combined effects of all six factors, however, will be particularly difficult but essential to prevent declines beyond those that have already occurred.     

大口径瓦斯抽放井施工工艺

瓦斯抽放孔要求井斜小,孔径大,下入的井管重量大。以实例介绍了使用GZ-2000型钻机在某煤矿瓦斯抽放站成功施工深400m,直径φ690mm瓦斯抽放井的施工工艺。在施工过程中采用φ216mm牙轮钻头＋满眼钻具和钟摆钻具施工先导井眼,再采用φ410mm、φ690mm组合牙轮钻头＋塔式钻具分级扩眼,使用电子多点测斜仪及时监测井斜变化,用钟摆钻具组合进行纠斜,在φ426mm管体上设置三组镶焊合金的肋骨条做成圆井器来进行圆井,在管体底部设置浮力阀,合理掏空以减少井管重量,确保了工程质量。     

An efficient solution for building polygonal objects

Polygonal object is a fundamental type of geometric data in vector GIS. The key step of cleaning topological relationship after data collection of polygonal layer is to build polygonal objects from digital arcs. The raw digital arcs may intersect with each other. The algorithm for building polygonal objects after the raw arcs have been split at all intersections is presented. The build-up of polygonal objects in this paper is designed to be implemented by two steps. The first step is to extract all the polygons needed for build-up of polygonal objects from arcs. The second step is to organize polygonal objects from these polygons. For the first step, a tracing algorithm is proposed. The algorithm merely extracts the polygons needed for the build-up of polygonal objects, which is a subset of all the possible polygons that can be induced from the arcs. For the second step, an algorithm based on a specially designed order of polygons is advanced. All the topological relationships among the polygons are sho     

A Practical Approach to Shallow Petroleum Hydrocarbon Recovery

A practical pumping system for the recovery of free petroleum hydrocarbon product from shallow aquifers has been developed. The system is patterned after suction-lift well point dewatering systems used in the construction industry. Pumping equipment consists of double-diaphragm suction-lift pumps manifolded to up to four recovery wells. Recovery wells are constructed with screens below the water table and sealed wellheads to enable vacuum-assisted flow of fluids to the wells. Pumps utilized are pneumatically driven, can be pumped dry without damage, induce a vacuum on the wells when pumping dry, and provide delivery of pumped fluids to fluid separation and storage facilities. The system is effective in both low- and high-permeability formations due to the wide range in available pumping rates afforded by the pumps.     

Work on astrometric binaries in China

The investigations of astrometric binary systems, currently carried out in the People's Republic of China, are described and discussed.Communication presented at the International Conference on Astrometric Binaries, held on 13–15 June, 1984, at the Remeis-Sternwarte Bamberg, Germany, to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784–1846)     

Architecture of HLA based distributed virtual geographic environment

Integrating the theory of distributed virtual geographic enviroments (DVGE) and high level architecture(HLA), the architecture of DVGE based on HLA is designed. The data flow and the object models of the architecture are also discussed. The architecture basically meets the need of DVGE in real-time communication, distribution, collaboration, reusing and interoperation, expansion, and standard.     

强岩溶地基中的水泥-水玻璃灌浆技术——以桂平枢纽二期围堰地基为例

本文以桂平工程为例,介绍了在强岩溶地基中采用水泥-水玻璃双液灌浆为主的防渗堵漏灌浆一整套技术及工艺流程。其特点是:低剂量水玻璃配比的大量采用,强调双液灌注前的预充填过程,针对不同地质情况灵活采用不同的双液混合方式和多种工艺流程,取得了十分满意的效果。      

Late Quaternary surface deformation and rupture behavior of strong earthquake on the segment north of Mianning of the Anninghe fault

The Anninghe fault is an important active fault along the eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan active tectonic block, and the study of its surface deformation and rupture behavior during strong earthquake in the late Quaternary is of fundamental importance for understanding the future seismic risk of the fault zone or even the entire western Sichuan region. Using the methods of detailed geomorphic and geological survey, digital image analysis, total station instrument survey, excavation of combined trench and dating, we analyze the geomorphologic sequences of the offset strata at several sites where the late Quaternary deformation remnants are fairly well preserved and obtain some new results as follows: Strong earthquake events with left-lateral displacements of about 3 m occurred at the two sites of Zimakua and Yejitong at 1634-1811, 1030-1050 and 280-550 a BP, respectively, and the recurrence interval is 520-660 a; The youngest event in the area of Dahaizi-Ganhaizi should be the earthquake of 1536, other events are at 1768-1826, 2755-4108 and 4108-6593 a BP, respectively, with a recurrence interval of 1300-1900 a. The strong earthquake activity shows a clustering character. The possibility of occurrence of a strong earthquake exists on the north segment of the Anninghe fault sometime in the future.