合成的台湾M_S8.0级大震在上海产生的地震动

2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生了M_S8.1级地震,给人们的提示是:在发生过强震的地方,有可能再次发生同样强度的地震。自上世纪20年代以来,台湾就发生过两次M_S8.0级大地震,遗憾的是对两次强震均未获得强震加速度记录。上海是目前世界上高层建筑最多的城市。本文用经验格林函数法合成台湾M_S8.0级大地震,通过合成得到加速度时程来估算对上海产生的地表面波强度。将来台湾一旦发生M_S8.0级大地震,其面波对上海高层建筑的影响也将最为显著,本文给出的估算强度旨在为地震应对和应急救援提供一定的参考。     

Expansion of the Nishinomiya Built Environment Database

The Nishinomiya Built Environment Database, which can be used to analyze the disaster process of the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster in Nishinomiya City, has been expanded with new data entries. The database contains the following very detailed datasets: (1) the urbanization area base map, (2) casualty data, (3) three sets of building damage data surveyed by the Nishinomiya City, the Architectural Institute of Japan and the City Planning Institute of Japan, and the Kobe University, (4) building property data based on the real estate tax roll, (5) photographs of the damaged buildings with the information on the place and orientation of the picture, and (6) the estimated distribution of the seismic ground motion. The seismic ground motion was simulated for the southern part of Nishinomiya City and two verification sites in Kobe City and Amagasaki City. In the simulation, the borehole data of public facilities were used to model the surface soils as one-dimensional layers, taking into consideration the fact that the spatial distribution of the sediment/basement interface forms a slope. The model of the fault rupture process simulated the characteristics of the seismic motion at basement level, and amplification effects of the surface layers were evaluated based on multiple reflection theory. The distribution of peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity was estimated from acceleration response spectra at each borehole point. In addition, the relationship between simulated seismic ground motion and building damage was studied based on newly proposed band-passed spectrum intensity using the expanded database. This confirmed that detailed categorization is necessary in order to evaluate the fragility functions, especially for reinforced concrete structures. The database should provide fundamental information for identifying the relationship between the ground motions and the extent and pattern of building damage, or the pattern of the occurrence of casualties.Presently     

中国中、东部晚第三纪生物地层及古哺乳动物研究的新进展

本文是近年对中国中、东部晚第三纪生物地层及哺乳动物化石研究成果的综述。在河北泥河湾地区,根据小哺乳动物化石新建立了稻地组。其下是含哺乳动物化石的蔚县组(早上新世)及壶流河组(最晚中新世)。宁夏同心地区晚第三纪生物地层可划分为两部分:上部可能属上新统;下部属中中新统上部。二者皆含哺乳动物化石。在甘肃广河地区发现的小哺乳动物化石证明,车头沟组及咸水河组分别属于早中中新世及晚中中新世。在湖北钟祥地区,根据采集的哺乳动物化石,将罗汉寺组划归中新世。 根据上面4个地区哺乳动物群的研究和对比,广河车头沟组最老,其它依次是广河咸水河组、泥河湾壶流河组、蔚县组及稻地组。钟祥罗汉寺组可能相当于车头沟组或者时代稍早。同心下部地层的时代可能与咸水河组相同。     

甘肃广河地区中中新世哺乳动物化石的发现及其地层学意义

本文记述了采自甘肃广河石那奴中中新世地层的哺乳动物化石6目10科12属16种类（以小化石为主）,其中新种两个:Alloptox guangheensis sp. nov., Pseudaelurus guangheensis sp. nov.。通过对动物群性质的研究及与其它地区的详细对比,认为下化石层的时代应为中中新世早期,上化石层应为中中新世晚期。二者分别与山旺期、通古尔期大体相当。 广河地区中中新世早期车头沟组和中中新世晚期咸水河组的建立,表示该地区存在着中中新世两个时期的不同环境沉积。     

基于大气降水的华北地区土壤湿度预测模型

基于引入随机变量的机理性模型方法,利用华北地区2000—2008年气象台站观测数据,以大气降水为随机变量,并考虑其延迟效应,利用回归方法建立了预测时效为1旬的土壤相对湿度预测模型。利用预测率和干旱等级预报精度两个评价指标,结合2009年土壤湿度实际观测数据,验证了预测模型预报率均在90%以上,绝大部分站点的干旱等级预报精度均在70%以上,得出该预测模型在华北地区应用的合理性,从而建立了一套客观、动态的土壤湿度预测方法,有利于及时掌握农田旱情程度和分布,主动采取防旱、抗旱应对措施。     

李官桥盆地与垣曲盆地早第三纪哺乳动物化石层位及有关问题的探讨

通过新化石地点的发现及对过去分类的各地点、各层位化石的整理研究及广泛对比,对河南西部红层盆地化石层位提出了较为理想的时代顺序,并在此基础上对垣曲盆地渐新统存在与否及中国东部早第三纪生物古地理的划分提出了初步意见。     

Building Damage and Casualties after an Earthquake

The relationship between building damage patterns and human casualties in Nishinomiya City – one of the most heavily damaged cities in the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Disaster – was investigated using photographs of damaged buildings. First, the photographs of buildings in which casualties occurred were identified, and the building damage patterns were judged based on the photographs considering the existence of survival space. Then the relationship between the building damage pattern and casualty occurrence, and the characteristics of casualty distribution, were investigated. The main findings were as follows: Most casualties occurred in relatively old two-story wooden buildings in which the ground floor completely collapsed without survival space; casualties occurred at all building damage levels including ``no damage', and it can be seen that building damage is the major, but not the sole cause, of casualties in an earthquake; in Nishinomiya City, the regional distributions of casualties due to the collapse of buildings that left no survival space is similar to that of casualties due to other types of building damage.     

滇西北丽江盆地的第四纪地层与古环境

通过野外观测和室内分析，根据新发现的哺乳动物化石材料与抱粉分析资料，对滇西北丽江盆地的第四系进行了较详细的划分，拟定了其地质时代，讨论了其沉积相与形成时期的古环境。     

丁字湾近岸海底沉积物地层单元划分及沉积特征

通过对172 km的高分辨率浅地层剖面与6个钻孔的综合对比,对丁字湾近岸海底沉积物进行细分,自上而下划分为D0,D1,D2,D3共4个反射界面,SU1,SU2,SU3共3个沉积单元,该文总结了每个沉积单元的埋深、分布及特征,按照各个层序形成时的相对海平面位置及其升降变化态势,划分了海侵、低位、高位3个体系域,分别对应滨海相、陆相、滨海相沉积相。查明了丁字湾近岸浅地层结构及沉积特征,为该区的发展规划、海洋工程建设提供地质依据。     

基于遥感的丁字湾地区土地利用时空变化分析及地区生态修复建议

丁字湾地区是山东半岛蓝色经济区划9大核心区之一,是胶东经济圈一体化建设的焦点,发展远景广阔。本文选取2005年、2010年、2016年三期TM影像进行遥感解译研究丁字湾地区土地利用变化特征及其空间分布。研究结果表明,丁字湾地区土地利用类型以耕地为主,2005—2016年间建设用地、草地的面积显著增加,水域、海域面积大幅减少。土地的转移主要发生在"建设用地与耕地、耕地与水域、养殖盐田与海域、草地与养殖盐田"之间。城乡建设的不断发展,也给丁字湾地区带来了海岸侵蚀、海水入侵等生态环境负面影响。建议在湾口地区开展"退围还海、退养还滩、退耕还湿"等海岸整治修复工作后,发展人地环境和谐的生态旅游经济。