利用Butterworth滤波器平滑加速度计的双天线GNSS/MEMS组合测姿

在双天线GNSS/MEMS组合测姿中,低精度、低成本的MEMS加速度计输出通常包含比较大的噪声,导致由加速度计调平计算得到的水平角观测值精度较低,影响组合测姿的精度和可靠性。不同于传统的时域降噪方法,从频域的角度出发,根据实际车载运动中加速度计输出具有因汽车固有结构产生的高频振动噪声的特点,利用滑动窗口的Butterworth低通滤波器平滑加速度计输出。动态车载实验结果表明,该滤波器降噪效果明显。与滤波前相比,水平角观测值精度提升了约4倍,达到(0.643°,0.546°)。在此基础上,滤波后组合测姿精度也从(0.124°,0.738°,0.532°)提升到(0.122°,0.074°,0.052°),其中水平角精度提升了大约一个数量级,滤波后的测姿结果更加准确可靠。     

顾及f~3项的电离层延迟模型

给出了顾及f3项时消除电离层延迟的两种方法:用三频观测值来消除电离层延迟,直接用地磁场模型来计算f3项。提出了一种用一个三次曲面来拟合30°×40°的区域内的场强H的简化算法。用两种方法求得的电离层延迟之差小于0.5 mm。     

北斗天线相位中心改正策略及其对定位精度的影响分析

当前尚未有权威机构发布北斗接收机天线相位中心改正信息,从而影响和限制了北斗系统的高精度定位应用。针对这一亟待解决的问题,采用以GPS天线相位中心改正（PCO和PCV改正）模型代替BDS天线相位中心改正来提高北斗定位精度的处理策略。结果表明,采用上述处理策略,PPP高程方向偏差从1 dm减小到cm级,相对定位的高程方向偏差从cm级减小到mm级,验证了此处理策略的有效性和可行性。     

单频伪距差分模型用于动动目标监控的研究与实现

给出了相位平滑伪距进行相对定位的数学模型,基于该模型编写了单频GPS接收机用于实时米级动动目标监控的相对定位的程序,试验结果表明此单频伪距差分模型完全可以用于米级实时动动目标监控.     

Structural incorporation of Cm(III) in trioctahedral smectite hectorite: A time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) study

Structural incorporation of the actinide curium in the octahedral layer of the trioctahedral Mg-rich smectite hectorite was studied using time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy. Organo-hectorite nanoparticles were synthesized at 90 °C in the presence of Cm(III). Within 120 h, hectorite particles were formed. Time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy was used to identify Cm(III) species during various synthesis steps and to characterize the structural incorporation mechanism. The formation of a Cm-containing Mg hydroxide precursor and the reaction with aqueous silica in a pH range of 9-10 to form TOT layers were identified to be key steps for trivalent actinide incorporation in hectorite via coprecipitation.     

导航卫星自主定轨中光压模型精化方法及其影响研究

以GPS卫星为例,提出了一种太阳光压模型精化方法。该方法能使卫星升交点赤经及轨道倾角在180d内的预报误差控制在±40mas左右,较显著地提高了自主定轨卫星轨道的切向和法向精度,最终改善了用户测距误差,对卫星轨道径向改善不明显,对钟差项几乎没有影响。     

Effect of N content and soil texture on the decomposition of organic matter in forest soils as revealed by solid-state CPMAS NMR spectroscopy

N has a controlling effect on litter biodegradation in the forest floor, while stabilization of organic matter in the mineral soil may be influenced by physical parameters related to soil texture. In this study, in order to understand the processes involved in soil organic matter (SOM) formation, the chemical composition of SOM was followed and evaluated with regards to N contents and soil texture. Samples were taken on sites covered with Norway spruce and displaying contrasting values of C/N ratios in the forest floor. The chemical structure of OM was characterized using solid-state CPMAS ¹³C and ¹⁵N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, along with Proton Spin Relaxation Editing (PSRE) sequences. Four groups of sampling sites were defined based on the NMR spectra of Oh and A horizons. In each group displaying similar NMR characteristics, N content and soil texture could be highly different among sites. Some Oh horizons with similar NMR spectra had very different N contents. Highly humified OM in Oh horizons were observed mainly on sites with low N contents. Some A horizons with different soil texture displayed similar OM chemical structure. High contents of O-alkyl C in some A horizons could originate from higher fresh root material input.     

误差与先验信息对导航卫星自主定轨的影响研究

介绍了利用星间距离观测值和由预报星历提供的先验信息采用最小二乘配置法进行导航卫星自主定轨的方法、模型及软件;采用自编软件进行了一系列的模拟计算,分别探讨了观测值随机噪声、残余系统误差和先验信息的好坏对自主定轨精度的影响。结果表明,随机噪声对自主定轨精度的影响不明显,而系统误差和先验信息的影响则较为重要,值得关注。     

Whose neighbourhood is it? Ethnic diversity in urban spaces in Germany

This article focuses on the reciprocal effects that exist between the physical environment and the social interactions between ethno-cultural groups in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. Biographical narrative interviews and mental map analyses were carried out with German and Turkish residents in two disadvantaged neighbourhoods in Germany to define the resident's own experience of their physical surroundings.The findings of the research verify that the changes in the environment were not only physical and structural changes: they also led to changing identities having a symbolic meaning for the established German residents. As the Turkish residents work to create a sense of identity, the established residents view these changes more as a threat than as an enrichment. They do not so much feel threatened by the cultural differences between the groups, but they sense that their own `old-time' German socio-cultural position could be affected by the establishment of Turkisch residences and institutions in `their' neighbourhood. The empirical research revealed differences in the ethno-cultural perceptions between Duisburgh-Marxloh where there is a pronounced small-scale segregation between the groups, whereas there is a small-scale mix of different ethnic groups even at the block level in the other area investigated in Wuppertal-Osterbaum. Although both areas have a high percentage of ethnic minorities the small-scale mix in Wuppertal-Ostersbaum seems to have prevented a polarisation in the population.