蒙古国巴颜乌列盖多兰哈达地区地球化学特征及成矿

蒙古国巴颜乌列盖多兰哈达位于世界著名的铜—金—铅锌—钨金属成矿区—阿尔泰多金属成矿带北西段。区内出露地层主要为泥盆纪火山—沉积岩系。地球化学异常呈环带状分布,与岩体关系密切,该区铅锌矿为受火山通道控制的火山热液型金—铅锌矿床。矿区西部有寻找深部富矿体的前景,矿区南部及矿区东部次火山斑岩体附近,有寻找深部盲矿体的潜力。     

非开挖三维轨迹设计软件的应用与优化

文章对非开挖导向孔三维轨迹设计软件的功能和使用方法进行了介绍,对该系统近两年的工程应用进行了总结,并通过一个典型工程实例介绍了软件模拟施工环境和设计轨迹的过程。通过用户反馈信息的搜集,介绍了软件存在的部分问题及其改进方案,并对软件的进一步开发的思路进行了展望。     

北京市地面塌陷特征与致灾因子分析

年北京地面塌陷呈波动式上升趋势,威胁严重.在讨论其孕灾环境和时空分布特征的基础上,分析引起地面塌陷的因素.研究把此区地面塌陷分为采矿地面塌陷和工程地面塌陷两种类型.采矿地面塌陷主要分布于西山门头沟,致灾因子包括开采深度、矿体倾角、降雨、和大量疏排水.工程地面塌陷主要分布于城区,致灾因子包括管线渗漏与侵蚀、地下水过度开采...     

Modeling Trophic Structure and Energy Flows in a Coastal Artificial Ecosystem Using Mass-Balance Ecopath Model

Using a large-scale enclosed sea area in northern Hangzhou Bay as a case study, the trophic interactions, energy flows, and ecosystem properties of a coastal artificial ecosystem were analyzed by ecotrophic modeling using Ecopath with Ecosim software (EwE, 5.1 version). The model consists of 13 functional groups: piscivorous fish, benthic-feeding fish, zooplanktivorous fish, herbivorous fish, crabs, shrimp, mollusca, infauna, carnivorous zooplankton, herbivorous zooplankton, macrophytes, phytoplankton, and detritus. Input information for the model was gathered from published and unpublished reports and from our own estimates during the period 2006–2007. Results show that the food web in the enclosed sea area was dominated by a detritus pathway. The trophic levels of the groups varied from 1.00 for primary producers and detritus to 3.90 for piscivorous fish in the coastal artificial system. Using network analysis, the system network was mapped into a linear food chain, and five discrete trophic levels were found with a mean transfer efficiency of 9.8% from detritus and 9.4% from primary producer within the ecosystem. The geometric mean of the trophic transfer efficiencies was 9.6%. Detritus contributed 57% of the total energy flux, and the other 43% came from primary producers. The ecosystem maturity indices—total primary production/total respiration, Finn’s cycling index, and ascendancy—were 2.56, 25.0%, and 31.0%, respectively, showing that the coastal artificial system is at developmental stage according to Odum’s theory of ecosystem development. Generally, this is the first trophic model of a large-scale artificial sea enclosure in China and provides some useful insights into the structure and functioning of the system.     

Investigation of manganese tolerance and accumulation of two Mn hyperaccumulators Phytolacca americana L. and Polygonum hydropiper L. in the real Mn-contaminated soils near a manganese mine

Up to date, very few studies have examined the phytoextraction ability of hyperaccumulators in the real soils contaminated with heavy metals following the identification of the hyperaccumulators using hydroponics tests. In the present study, amended with a chemical-mobilizing agent of ethylene diamine triacetic acid (EDTA), the manganese accumulation, tolerance and the hyperaccumulating ability of two hyperaccumulators Phytolacca americana L. (Phytolaccaceae) and Polygonum hydropiper L. (Polygonaceae) proved by previous hydroponics tests were examined using pot experiments with paddy soils contaminated with Mn (1,047 ± 53 mg kg^?1) collected from one site in the vicinity of one manganese mine in Xiushan county of Chongqing, China. Results showed that the root and shoot biomass of P. americana and the chlorophyll production of P. hydropiper were significantly inhibited by EDTA treatments while the chlorophyll production of P. americana was oppositely obviously promoted by EDTA. It is noteworthy that, with or without EDTA treatment, the shoot Mn concentrations of both plant species were significantly below the hyperaccumulator threshold, indicating these two plants concealed their hyperaccumulating ability in the studied soils. Thus, further detailed studies need to be conducted to promote the metal hyperaccumulating capacity of these two plant species under comparably low Mn-contaminated soil conditions as shown in this study before the successful application of these Mn hyperaccumulators identified in laboratories to the phytoextraction of lightly or moderately Mn-contaminated agricultural soils.     

中国南方震旦纪大地构造单元划分与地层分区

本文以板块理论为指导，重点探讨地层分区与大地构造单元划分及沉积相展布的关系，提出以构造为主导，构造－地层－沉积相三位一体的地层分区原则和方法。中国南方震旦纪基底构造格架是两隆一坳，即扬子板块、华夏板块及其间的华南残留盆地，晋宁运动使扬子板块与华夏板块拼接在一起，进入相对稳定的发展阶段。震旦纪沉积作用与相带展布与上述古构造格局是一致的。根据上述区划原则和古构造、沉积相的研究结论，将中国南方震旦系划分为２个Ⅰ级地层区，６个Ⅱ级地层分区和１２个Ⅲ级地层小区。     

Spatial patterns and environmental factors influencing leaf carbon content in the forests and shrublands of China

Leaf carbon content (LCC) is widely used as an important parameter in estimating ecosystem carbon (C) storage, as well as for investigating the adaptation strategies of vegetation to their environment at a large scale. In this study, we used a dataset collected from forests (5119 plots) and shrublands (2564 plots) in China, 2011–2015. The plots were sampled following a consistent protocol, and we used the data to explore the spatial patterns of LCC at three scales: plot scale, eco-region scale (n = 24), and eco-region scale (n = 8). The average LCC of forests and shrublands combined was 45.3%, with the LCC of forests (45.5%) being slightly higher than that of shrublands (44.9%). Forest LCC ranged from 40.2% to 51.2% throughout the 24 eco-regions, while that of shrublands ranged from 35% to 50.1%. Forest LCC decreased with increasing latitude and longitude, whereas shrubland LCC decreased with increasing latitude, but increased with increasing longitude. The LCC increased, to some extent, with increasing temperature and precipitation. These results demonstrate the spatial patterns of LCC in the forests and shrublands at different scales based on field-measured data, providing a reference (or standard) for estimating carbon storage in vegetation at a regional scale.     

自然电位场的振动激励效应

Vibrator excitation generates not only reflections and refractions of wave fields on the subsurface interfaces but also electromagnetic waves with different frequencies. In this paper, we address the vibration-induced effects on the spontaneous potential field. The effects of controllable vibration on the spontaneous potential field were studied under real field geologic conditions. Experimental data confirmed that the vibration-induced effects on the spontaneous potential field do exist under field conditions. Monitoring records over a long time interval showed that there exist three information zones in the vibration-induced effects on the spontaneous potential field. These are the signal-varying zone, the extremestable zone, and the relaxation-recovery zone. Combined with different well-site data, it was concluded that the time-varying features of the anomalies in the information zones was closely related to the properties of the subsurface liquid （oil and water）.     

Seasonal variation in dust events and the causes of the variation in the Tarim Basin, China

We analyzed dust event occurrence and its seasonal distribution at 16 sites in the Tarim Basin,China.Although the overall frequency of dust events was the highest in spring in this region,its variation in other seasons could be classified into three patterns:(1) frequency of dust events in autumn > that in summer > that in winter(at the Kashi and Kuche sites);(2) frequency in summer > that in winter > that in autumn(at the Ruoqiang site);and(3) frequency in summer > that in autumn > that in winter(at all other areas of the Tarim Basin).The frequency of dust events and their seasonal variations in the Tarim Basin were mainly controlled by wind speed and locally available dust sources;the former was the key control when dust sources did not differ significantly.The seasonal variation in evaporation had a smaller,but still significant effect on the frequency of dust events.