Advances in environmental behaviors and effects of dissolved organic matter in aquatic ecosystems

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a group of compounds that have complex chemical structures and multiple interactions with their surrounding materials. More than one trillion tons of DOM are stocked in the world’s aquatic ecosystems. DOM is a very important part of aquatic ecosystem productivity and plays a crucial role in global carbon cycling. DOM has rich environmental behaviors and effects such as influencing the bioavailability of contaminants, serving as an important inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protecting aquatic organisms from the harm of dangerous ultraviolet radiation. There have been many systematic studies on the composition, structure, and sources of DOM because such studies are much easier to conduct than studies on the environmental behaviors and effects of DOM. Due to many factors, the research systems of DOM’s environmental behaviors and effects are still being developed and have become a hotspot of environmental science. This review paper focuses on some critical progress, problems, and trends of DOM’s environmental behaviors and effects in aquatic ecosystems, including mutual exchange mechanisms between DOM and particulate organic matter (POM) with influencing factors, photochemical behaviors of DOM especially inducing ROS, binding interactions between DOM and anthropogenic organic contaminants (AOC), interactions between DOM and microorganisms, effects of DOM on pollutants’ bioavailability, ecotoxicity, and ecological risks. Hopefully, this paper will contribute to a more systematic understanding of the DOM environmental behaviors and effects and to promoting further relevant studies.     

杭州西湖总磷动态变化预测

建立了西湖污染物分析和浓度变化的水质对流扩散模型,并利用该模型对西湖水体引水后７ｄ内总磷浓度的变化进行了预测,然后对预测结果作了较为详细的分析。     

山东郭城牧牛山二长花岗岩的岩石成因:地球化学和锆石U—Pb年代学制约

山东胶莱盆地东北缘郭城牧牛山二长花岗岩的锆石LA--ICP--MS U--Pb年代学及岩石地球化学特征表明,牧牛山花岗岩为古元古代(2 138±15 Ma)岩浆侵入产物,是一套钾玄岩系列岩石,A/CNK为1.07~1.13。稀土配分曲线表现为右倾模式,轻稀土和重稀土分异明显,Eu/Eu*值为0.59~0.71。蛛网图表明明显富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K),相对亏损高场强元素(Th、U、Nb、Ta、Ti、P)。岩石10 000 Ga/Al值(2.73~2.85),为A型花岗岩。岩石的Mg~#值为12~28,Nd/Th值为1.62~1.96,Rb/Sr值为4.70~9.71,显示壳源特征。综合分析认为,古元古代胶辽地块向西俯冲引发幔源岩浆底侵,导致地壳物质部分熔融形成牧牛山花岗岩。     

安徽南部桃冲地区铁矿床控矿构造分析

通过对桃冲地区典型铁矿床的赋存环境及构造特征的研究和控矿因素分析,认为红花山背斜两翼的铁矿体产于背斜的层间断裂带中的次级褶曲内,受"碳酸盐岩地层+次级褶曲+层间断裂带"三个控矿因素的制约,环滨江岩体的铁矿床受厚层状矽卡岩接触带的制约。综合桃冲地区控矿因素的特点,提出了找矿有利部位。     

西秦岭铀矿床含矿热液物理化学条件改变对铀沉淀影响

本文研究了西秦岭铀矿床含矿热液物理化学条件的改变对铀沉淀富集的影响。研究表明，铀在相对还原条件下迁移，而在相对氧化条件下沉淀富集。铀的沉淀富集主要发生在含矿热液的温度、压力和氧逸度大幅度降低，酸性增强及氧化－还原电位增高的物理化学条件下。     

A Research on the Gravity Deformation of Delingha 13.7m Telescope

Based on digital photogrammetric measurements, the antenna panels of the Delingha 13.7m radio telescope are adjusted to make the main dish have an optimal paraboloidal surface at the elevation of 52°, thus the overall antenna efficiency is optimized for different observing elevations. Observations indicate that the aperture efficiency of the telescope has been improved approximately twice in comparison with the antenna panels adjusted on the basis of theodolite measurements. According to the results of the measurements at different elevations, the models of antenna gravity deformation are built, including the displacement and tilt angle of the subreflector, as well as the focal length and surface error of the main reflector, as functions of elevation angle. In the process of modeling the gravity deformation of the main dish, instead of the direct calculation method, the least square fitting on the measured surface errors at different elevation angles is adopted, in order to reduce the effect of measurement errors on the accuracy of the model.     

厄尔尼诺现象与黄、东海,对马海域马面渔获量关系─—长江口及其邻近海区ENSO渔场学问题之三

对黄,东海及其邻近海域马面历年（1974—1986年）渔获量变化与Elnino现象关系并结合捕捞强度进行一些初步分析,总结出渔获量变化规律,为合理开发渔业资源提供有用信息。     

我国城市规划中气候信息应用回顾与展望

城市规划中气候信息的应用经历了从早期的风玫瑰图利用到考虑风、温、湿、压等要素的气候适宜性分析以及目前关注城市通风环境、热环境以及污染敏感区的城市环境气候图技术的历程。气候信息获得的途径也从数量极为有限的基本气象观测站资料到空间加密的自动气象站资料、更精细的气象数值模式以及精细化地理信息技术的应用。同时,细化的技术导则和规范的建立以及不同行业间的联合发文有力推动了气候信息的实际应用。此外,研究展示了近年开展的伊犁、深圳、北京实际案例主要内容。最后,针对未来我国将根据大气环流特征和生态环境承载能力、走优化城镇空间布局和城镇规模结构的新型城镇化道路,从工作层面和技术层面给出了需要不断完善并深入研究的几个重点。     

VTI介质中弹性波方程正演的一阶混合吸收边界

波动方程正演是研究地震波在地下介质中的传播机理以及提高地震资料采集、处理、解释精度和效果的重要工具,截断边界的处理是波动方程正演的重要研究内容。针对在地震数值模拟中常用的三种(吸收)边界处理方法存在的不足与问题,提出了适用于VTI介质中弹性波动方程正演的一阶混合吸收边界条件,并给出了该方法在过渡区域的线性叠加系数公式。数值模拟实验表明:相同条件下,VTI介质一阶混合吸收边界方法不仅在吸收效果方面优于常规的PML边界条件,而且在存储量和计算效率方面也具有较大优势。     

桂北地区丹洲群碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

桂北丹洲群顶部拱洞组粉砂岩的碎屑锆石的阴极发光图像和Th/U(0.2~2.4)值显示,它们均为岩浆成因的锆石。锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)Pb年龄分布在730~769Ma和771~850Ma之间,这些锆石的Hf同位素成分范围较大,ε_(Hf)(t)值和二阶段Hf模式年龄(T_(DM2))分别为-18.4~11.4和1020~2812Ma。此外,样品中还有一些年龄较老的锆石颗粒,~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb年龄为1910~3140Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)值和二阶段Hf模式年龄(T_(DM2))分别为-13.6~3.4和2740~3635Ma。结合前人的研究推测,桂北丹洲群拱洞组沉积年龄小于等于706±10Ma,物源主要由扬子板块新元古代岩浆岩组成,也有少量太古宙岩浆岩的加入。推测中国华南地区存在对应于Rodinia超大陆聚合相关的格林威尔运动的响应。根据已测锆石的ε_(Hf)(t)值和Hf二阶段模式年龄推断,研究区地壳生长主要经历3个阶段:(1)3.64~3.25Ga,初生地壳出现在3.64Ga;(2)2.98~2.37Ga;(3)2.19~1.28Ga,地壳生长的主要时期。