TRMM卫星微波成像仪分级产品及其反演降水算法

文章叙述了获取定量降水信息的意义，简要介绍了对热带测雨卫星TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission)的仪器、美国国家宇航局提供的微波成像仪TMI(TRMM Microwave Imager)分级产品。对比了物理方法和经验方法反演降水的特点，并对一些经验方法以及倾斜对流系统对反演降水的影响、动态聚类分析、神经网络反演方法的研究成果进行了介绍。     

CAPPS在太原市本地化过程中的改进和应用

该文针对CAPPS在太原市运行的误差问题，在分析其主要原因的基础上，变换地形背景场，依据不同季节、不同天气形势，在模式中增加对综合误差系数和扬尘系数的调节功能，进行多种数值模拟试验。结果表明:在误差分析基础上确定的模拟试验方案，使主要污染物SO₂、NO_X和PM₁₀的预报值与监测值的相关系数分别提高到0.96、0.91和0.89，最终使CAPPS成为预报准确率稳定在90%以上的业务化数值模式系统。     

从安徽气候变化看2003年洪涝和高温的必然性

利用近 50年温度和降水资料研究了安徽夏季气候变化特征 ,解释了 2 0 0 3年夏季洪涝、高温等极端气候事件出现的必然性。研究结果表明 :(1 )近 50年来安徽夏季温度呈下降趋势 ,降水则呈增加趋势 ,两者变化是相协调的。目前夏季温度处于较低的气候基本态 ,降水处于高基本态。 (2 )无论是温度还是降水 ,其变率都在 2 0世纪80年代中后期开始上升 ,目前均处于高气候变率时期。降水的“两高”(高基本态和高气候变率 )结合决定了 2 0 0 3年夏季洪涝出现的必然性 ;温度的较低基本态决定了“凉夏”背景 ,但由于基本态的回升和变率的加大 ,仍会出现像 2 0 0 3年夏季的若干高温天气。 (3)最大熵谱估计表明 ,安徽夏季降水变化的主周期为 2 5年 ,反映了降水的准两年振荡特征     

铝钛柱撑改性膨润土处理两种模拟废水的实验研究

以钠基膨润土为原料制备了铝钛无机柱撑、铝钛有机柱撑改性膨润土，确定了改性膨润土的最佳铝钛比和铝土比，并将其应用于模拟废水、化学实验室废水的处理。与原土进行比较，探讨了用量、pH值、搅拌时间等对COD去除率、色度去除率、浊度去除率的影响，通过正交实验对实验条件进行了优化。结果表明：有机柱撑改性膨润土、无机柱撑改性膨润土对废水的处理效果均明显好于原土，对废水色度、浊度的去除率均大于93％；对废水COD的去除效果，有机柱撑改性膨润土比无机柱撑改性膨润土有较大提高，去除率最高达66．31％，结果令人满意。     

巫山县污水处理厂高填方地基湿化变形试验研究

结合巫山县污水处理厂高填方工程，选取压实粘性土样，在室内进行了接近实际应力路径下的“单线法”湿化变形试验，研究了土样在不同的压实度、固结压力和湿化历史下的湿化机理、湿化前后的应力．应变关系及强度变化规律。取得的湿化变形试验成果表明，湿化使土样的变形模量和强度均有所降低；湿化变形不仅包括湿化体应变，而且包括湿化偏应变；随着压实度的增加，湿化变形减小。试验成果为巫山县污水处理厂高填方地基的填筑设计、控制湿化变形的措施和附加压密措施提供了依据。     

重金属迁移转化模型研究

大量重金属污染物迁移转化的现象和研究成果都表明重金属以泥沙颗粒为载体迁移转化,描述重金属在天然水体中的迁移转化必须紧紧抓住泥沙颗粒运动及重金属与泥沙之间的转化关系进行.为此在对现有的重金属迁移转化数学模型进行概括分类的基础上,根据水沙运动与污染物相互作用关系,分析了泥沙颗粒运动及重金属吸附解吸不平衡过程,并结合水沙数学模型,建立了重金属迁移转化的耦合模型.同时在模型合理性分析的基础上,对模型进行了计算分析,分析表明模型能够合理地反映重金属污染物在水体中的迁移转化过程.     

河南省熊耳山西段沙沟西银铅矿区地质特征及找矿前景分析

通过对熊耳山地区沙沟西银铅矿区域地质背景、矿区地质特征和矿体特征、矿化富集特点的分析。综合本区地质及地球物理、地球化学特征，提出沙沟西银铅矿区具有大型银铅矿的找矿前景。     

董家山隧道小净距段爆破控制的数值模拟

结合都-汶高速公路董家山隧道小净距段的实际情况,应用数值模拟方法,对小净距段在爆破荷载作用下的相互影响问题进行了研究.结果表明在隧道爆破施工中应对迎爆侧进行重点监控,采用合理的开挖和加固方式将有效降低爆破施工对先建隧道的不利影响.研究结论可为类似小净距段隧道的爆破设计、施工及现场监控量测提供参考.     

Bio-climatic imprints on a Holocene loess palaeosol from China

Micromorphology, heavy minerals, pollen and soil properties were examined in a typical Holocene loess profile in the north of the Loess Plateau, consisting of a palaeosol (locally known as the Ansai palaeosol) underlain by the Malan loess and overlain by modern loess. The palaeosol consists of an upper humus-rich (AB) horizon over a clay-rich (Bt) horizon. The humus-rich horizon is intensely weathered, contains precipitated calcitic material derived from the overlying modern loess, and has both high pollen content and diversity. Clay coatings in the clay-rich horizon indicate formation by eluviation–illuviation of clay. Pedogenetic characteristics and pollen analysis imply that the vegetation during the time of most intensive soil development is likely to have been a warm-temperate forest. A complex interpretation of the loess–palaeosol sequence recognizes several development stages. The phase of soil development, maximum and minimum limiting ages for which are ca. 8800 and 4400 ¹⁴C years BP, involved continuing but reduced loess deposition, and successive Holocene bio-climatic environment overprinted new features on the palaeosol.     

Geochemistry of soils of King George Island, South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica: Implications for pedogenesis in cold polar regions

Fine fractions of soils on the Barton Peninsula, King George Island, West Antarctica have been forming during the last 6000 yr since the last deglaciation. Texturally, they are mostly composed of mineral and rock fragments with some volcanic ashes, which are also indicated by geochemical compositions representing for the nonclay silicate minerals and low values of chemical index of alteration. No significant changes are observed in major- and trace element abundances. Such geochemical characteristics suggest that chemical weathering of bedrocks on the Barton Peninsula seems insignificant and that the soils are composed of physically weathered mineral and rock fragments which are mixed with eolian additions of volcanic ashes and Patagonian dusts. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of the Barton Peninsula soils are slightly different from those of bedrocks, indicating that the REE abundances and characteristics were influenced by eolian additions. Mixing calculations, which mass-balance the REEs, suggest that volcanic ashes blown from Deception Island were the major eolian contributor, followed by atmospheric dusts sourced from Patagonia, South America. Even in the warmer and humid climatic conditions in the maritime Antarctic region, the chemical weathering of bedrocks appears to be insignificant, probably due to the relatively short duration of weathering since the last deglaciation.