SPOT5遥感影像在土地调查中的应用

本文结合SPOT5卫星影像在某地区土地利用调查中的应用,介绍了利用SPOT5卫星遥感影像进行室内判读、结合外业调查建立土地利用数据库,进行土地利用调查的技术方法和工作流程。     

基于双正交小波的遥感图像融合研究

针对多光谱图像与全色图像融合中的光谱失真问题,采用一种双正交小波的方法进行融合。试验证明,该方法可以减少图像的失真问题,提高图像的空间分辨率,保留图像的边缘细节。     

自聚焦光纤中传导模的场分布

从亥姆霍兹方程出发，导出了自聚焦光纤中传导模在圆柱坐标系中的场分布形式，并给出了几个低阶模的分布图。     

垂直气柱中大气微量成分总含量的反演

提出了一种利用地面中等光谱分辨率的太阳红外光谱反演整层大气中某几种微量成分总含量的方法,用逐线积分（ Ｌ Ｂ Ｌ） 法计算整层大气分子吸收,采用差分吸收法测量太阳红外光谱得到实际大气中微量成分的吸收,用最大似然法反演出微量成分的总量。详细分析了这种方法的可行性和反演精度,数值模拟分析和实际测量表明该方法有较高的精度,已把该方法用于监测实际大气中甲烷和水汽总含量的变化。     

西台吉乃尔盐湖原卤水历年来钾硼锂镁等元素品位变化及未来变化趋势预测

研究统计了西台吉乃尔盐湖(以下简称西台)自开发以来原卤水中钾硼锂镁各元素品位变化,利用K+,Na+,Mg2+/Cl-,SO2-4-H2 O五元体系298K介稳相图研究了主要元素之间相对含量的变化关系.根据西台开发现状建立数学模型,预测了未来10年钾硼锂元素品位变化趋势,为西台盐湖钾硼锂镁等资源的开发和综合利用提供依据.     

洞庭湖区域雷暴大风分型及预报分析研究

使用S波段双偏振天气雷达资料,对2021年5月15日洞庭湖区一次强对流过程的多单体风暴阶段和飑线阶段分阶段进行了分析,并重点对前阶段的超级单体风暴I2进行了分时段分析,结果表明：(1) I2初始发展时段,水平反射率因子(Z_H)＞55 dBz区域、差分反射率因子(Z_DR)柱(＞2.5 dB)扩展至湿球零度层WBZ高度,对应区域差分相移率(K_DP)较大(＞1.7 °·km^-1)、相关系数CC在0.9~0.99,说明该时段降水相态是以夹杂着大雨滴的水凝物为主。(2) I2冰雹碰并增长时段,Z_H强度和发展高度急速增长,垂直液态水含量VIL出现明显跃增,Z_H强中心(＞60 dBz区域)扩展至-10℃高度以上,对应的Z_DR降至低于0,Z_DR柱(＞2.5 dB)扩展至-10℃高度;CC下降、K_DP出现“空洞”,说明该时段降水以固态粒子为主,且处于增大时段。(3) I2成熟降雹时段,Z_H强中心(＞60 dBz)底部降至WBZ高度以下、CC局部低至0.8、对应区域存在Z_DR负值区、K_DP空洞,说明冰雹下落的拖曳作用削弱上升气流的强度,预示冰雹即将落地。(4)飑线阶段和多单体风暴阶段不同,飑线阶段K_DP值异常偏大、Z_DR大于1。(5)飑线阶段的极端大风发生前,55 dBz强回波、27 m·s^-1速度大值区扩展至1 km以下,强回波区域K_DP明显偏大,与强下沉气流相对应。另外,高空降水粒子在下降过程中融化导致的强降水拖曳作用加剧了极端大风的产生。

     

基于DGT和化学提取法研究浙西北地质高背景区土壤镉生物有效性

地质高背景区相较于人类活动引起的土壤镉污染影响范围更广,在区域尺度上对生态系统和人类健康构成危害。土壤镉生物有效性是决定其生物可利用性、生物毒性的关键因素,因此探寻可行的土壤镉生物有效性评价方法对污染农用地安全利用和风险管控具有重要的理论和实际意义。DGT技术、单一提取法、连续提取法和土壤溶液法常用于测定土壤有效镉,但已有研究成果主要基于同种土地利用类型土壤的室内盆栽实验,难以代表自然污染土壤中的复杂情况。为探明各土壤重金属有效态提取技术对地质高背景区不同土地利用类型土壤Cd生物有效性评估效果,本文以浙江西北部土壤Cd高地质背景区水田土壤-水稻籽实和旱地土壤-小白菜样品为研究对象,实验应用DGT技术、单一提取法（0.01mol/L氯化钙提取）、连续提取法（七步连续提取）和土壤溶液法评价土壤中镉生物有效性。结果显示：①研究区水田和旱地土壤Cd平均含量分别为1.07mg/kg和0.73mg/kg,显著高于浙江和全国土壤平均水平,Cd的异常富集主要与浙西北地区广泛分布的黑色岩系有关。②相较于碳酸盐岩区,黑色岩系区土壤中Cd的生物有效组分占比较高,水田和旱地土壤Cd的活动系数（MF）高达59.9%和51.8%,Cd易在土壤-作物系统中发生迁移富集;③植物体内镉含量Cd-P与不同方法测定的有效镉含量均呈显著正相关,但Cd-P与DGT技术测定的有效镉含量相关性优于其他三种方法,水田土壤测得的有效Cd与水稻籽实相关关系：$ {{C}}_{\text{soln}} $>CDGT>$ {{C}}_{{\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}} $>$ {{C}}_{{\text{F}}_{\text{1}}\text{+}{\text{F}}_{\text{2}}\text{+}{\text{F}}_{\text{3}}} $,旱地土壤测得的有效Cd与小白菜相关关系：CDGT >$ {{C}}_{{\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}} $>$ {{C}}_{{\text{F}}_{\text{1}}\text{+}{\text{F}}_{\text{2}}\text{+}{\text{F}}_{\text{3}}} $>$ {{C}}_{\text{soln}} $。综合比较不同土壤有效Cd测定方法的优缺点,DGT技术可以模拟植物体对Cd的动态吸收过程,更能准确地反映土壤Cd生物有效性,预测作物Cd含量水平,这与已有研究成果一致。此外,本文研究成果表明DGT技术评价土壤Cd生物有效性,不仅适用于人为污染区,也可应用于地质高背景区。     

Mapping fine‐scale urban housing prices by fusing remotely sensed imagery and social media data

The accurate mapping of urban housing prices at a fine scale is essential to policymaking and urban studies, such as adjusting economic factors and determining reasonable levels of residential subsidies. Previous studies focus mainly on housing price analysis at a macro scale, without fine‐scale study due to a lack of available data and effective models. By integrating a convolutional neural network for united mining (UMCNN) and random forest (RF), this study proposes an effective deep‐learning‐based framework for fusing multi‐source geospatial data, including high spatial resolution (HSR) remotely sensed imagery and several types of social media data, and maps urban housing prices at a very fine scale. With the collected housing price data from China's biggest online real estate market, we produced the spatial distribution of housing prices at a spatial resolution of 5 m in Shenzhen, China. By comparing with eight other multi‐source data mining techniques, the UMCNN obtained the highest housing price simulation accuracy (Pearson R = 0.922, OA = 85.82%). The results also demonstrated a complex spatial heterogeneity inside Shenzhen's housing price distribution. In future studies, we will work continuously on housing price policymaking and residential issues by including additional sources of spatial data.     

Initial results of centralized autonomous orbit determination of the new-generation BDS satellites with inter-satellite link measurements

Autonomous orbit determination is the ability of navigation satellites to estimate the orbit parameters on-board using inter-satellite link (ISL) measurements. This study mainly focuses on data processing of the ISL measurements as a new measurement type and its application on the centralized autonomous orbit determination of the new-generation Beidou navigation satellite system satellites for the first time. The ISL measurements are dual one-way measurements that follow a time division multiple access (TDMA) structure. The ranging error of the ISL measurements is less than 0.25 ns. This paper proposes a derivation approach to the satellite clock offsets and the geometric distances from TDMA dual one-way measurements without a loss of accuracy. The derived clock offsets are used for time synchronization, and the derived geometry distances are used for autonomous orbit determination. The clock offsets from the ISL measurements are consistent with the L-band two-way satellite, and time–frequency transfer clock measurements and the detrended residuals vary within 0.5 ns. The centralized autonomous orbit determination is conducted in a batch mode on a ground-capable server for the feasibility study. Constant hardware delays are present in the geometric distances and become the largest source of error in the autonomous orbit determination. Therefore, the hardware delays are estimated simultaneously with the satellite orbits. To avoid uncertainties in the constellation orientation, a ground anchor station that “observes” the satellites with on-board ISL payloads is introduced into the orbit determination. The root-mean-square values of orbit determination residuals are within 10.0 cm, and the standard deviation of the estimated ISL hardware delays is within 0.2 ns. The accuracy of the autonomous orbits is evaluated by analysis of overlap comparison and the satellite laser ranging (SLR) residuals and is compared with the accuracy of the L-band orbits. The results indicate that the radial overlap differences between the autonomous orbits are less than 15.0 cm for the inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) satellites and less than 10.0 cm for the MEO satellites. The SLR residuals are approximately 15.0 cm for the IGSO satellites and approximately 10.0 cm for the MEO satellites, representing an improvement over the L-band orbits.     

建筑物立面分类与DIM点云滤波

针对目前基于近景摄影测量方法构建建筑物立面模型过程中因密集影像匹配(DIM)点云噪声所引起的建筑物立面TIN网格模型畸变问题,本文借鉴机器学习中样本学习的思想,对建筑物立面进行了分类并对DIM点云提出了相应的滤波方法,以达到去除DIM点云噪声和改善其TIN网格模型畸变的目的.其中,针对平面结构立面,采取先对点云样本进行...