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41.
Akira Masuda 《Journal of Oceanography》1988,44(4):189-199
A Batchelor-modon eddy is a highly specialized nonlinear vortex pair, whose potential vorticity depends linearly on the stream function viewed from the coordinates moving with the translation velocity of the eddy. To generalize it, a skewed model is developed by introducing a cubic nonlinearity in addition to the linear term. A perturbation analysis shows that the eddy region is no longer a circle but is elongated longitudinally or transversely according as the sign of the cubic term. Moreover, the eddy is slightly flattened or steepened. The cubic term increases or decreases the translation velocity, if the average radius and the amplitude are fixed. A numerical experiment on anf-plane is carried out to show that these skewed eddies retain their initial forms even after they turn a corner of the basin; they are as stable as (first-mode) standard Batchelor-modon eddies. The present skewed model gives a reasonable qualitative interpretation of deformed eddies which result from merging of two eddies or from initially Gaussian eddies near the boundary. 相似文献
42.
A new version is adopted for the evaluation of the upwelling radiation from atmosphere bounded by the surface, where the surface is composed of two half semi-infinite Lambert surfaces and a stream is inserted between them. The contrast of the stream is discussed with respect to the atmospheric effect. The width of the stream is considered to be 0.5, 1, and 3km; The solar and observational direction is located in the normal plane to the stream. The observational site is located at altitude 30km. The horizontal distance of observational site to the stream is fixed to 6.28 . The atmosphere is assumed to be homogeneous, which is composed of aerosol and molecules, where the model aerosol is of the oceanic type.In the computational procedure, a probability of radiation interacting with respective half surfaces and the stream are calculated based on the assumption of single scattering in the atmosphere, where isotropic scattering is undertaken. By use of this probability, the emergent radiation at the top of the atmosphere is calculated approximately by considering the radiative interactions between atmosphere and surfaces up to twice. The numerical simulation exhibits the extraordinary effect near the stream. The contrast of the stream depends upon the albedo of the surrounding surfaces. It increases with the increase of the stream width and decreases with the optical thickness. 相似文献
43.
T. Kosugi K. Makishima T. Murakami T. Sakao T. Dotani M. Inda K. Kai S. Masuda H. Nakajima Y. Ogawara M. Sawa K. Shibasaki 《Solar physics》1991,136(1):17-36
The Hard X-ray Telescope (HXT) is a Fourier-synthesis imager; a set of spatially-modulated photon count data are taken from 64 independent subcollimators and are Fourier-transformed into an image by using procedures such as the maximum entropy method (MEM) or CLEAN. The HXT takes images of solar flares simultaneously in four energy bands, nominally 15 (or 19)–24, 24–35, 35–57, and 57–100 keV, with an ultimate angular resolution as fine as 5 arc sec and a time resolution 0.5 s. Each subcollimator has a field of view wider than the solar disk. The total effective area of the collimator/detector system reaches 70 cm2, about one order of magnitude larger than that of the HINOTORI hard X-ray imager. Thanks to these improvements, HXT will for the first time enable us to take images of flares at photon energies above 30 keV. These higher-energy images will be compared with lower-energy ones, giving clues to the understanding of nonthermal processes in solar flares, i.e., the acceleration and confinement of energetic electrons. It is of particular importance to specify the acceleration site with regard to the magnetic field figuration in a flaring region, which will be achieved by collaborative observations between HXT and the Soft X-ray Telescope on board the same mission.After the launch the name of SOLAR-A has been changed to YOHKOH. 相似文献
44.
45.
Xiao-Dong Li Cong-Qiang Liu Masuda Harue Si-Liang Li Xiao-Long Liu 《Applied Geochemistry》2010,25(12):1924-1936
46.
峨眉山地区大气漂尘化学组成研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了揭示峨眉山大气漂尘的化学特征,研究小组分别在1998,1999,2000年使用小型大气采样器进行采样,并测得样品中含有水溶性化学成分(Na^ ,K^ ,Mg^2 ,Ca^2 ,SO4^2-,NO3^-,NH4^ 和Cl^-)和酸溶性化学成分(Pb和Zn)。这一地区三年的大气成分与1990年的相似,而且峨眉山的Na^ ,Cl^-,SO4^2-,NO3^-,Ca^2 ,NH4^ ,Pb和Zn浓度分别比日本山形县鹤岗的要高出4-15,3-19,3-5,3-6,13-23,4-7,11-28和10-23倍之多。 相似文献
47.
Rare-earth elements and Ba in Khohar, Abee, Indarch, Atlanta, Jajh deh Kot Lalu, and Nakhla were determined accurately by isotope dilution technique; for Atlanta only, Fe (total), Mg and Ca were also determined. Khohar shows in two aliquants a strikingly large, positive anomaly for Ce. A fragment of Abee is outstanding in having a large positive Yb anomaly and a zigzag RE pattern. It is considered that the Yb anomaly is not necessarily associated with the zigzaggedness in question. Anyway, these facts corroborate our previous observations that abundances of Ce and/or Yb could be sometimes anomalous in meteoritic and lunar materials.Atlanta also has a significant negative Eu anomaly, similar to the Eu depletions observed in lunar basalts and Ca-poor achondrites by other workers. Besides, this enstatite chondrite has a RE pattern which indicates that this meteorite is cumulate-type (solid-type) material separated perhaps from a considerably fractionated melt. Accordingly, it is suggested that it is not always appropriate to classify this type II enstatite chondrite as “chondrite”. Two fragments from Abee and Atlanta show different RE patterns. It is also observed that Ba abundances are sometimes sporadically and irregularly high. 相似文献
48.
REE Tetrad Effects in Rare—metal Granites 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Described in this paper are the characteristics of tetrad effects of REE in rare-metal granites.Based on the analytical data and experimental geochemical data available,it is pointed out that the tetrad effects of REE in the granites are produced in the metal-fluid system.Intense fractional crystallization of granitic melt(containing REE accessary minerals)and its interaction with volatile-rich(F,Cl)fluid are the major factors leading to the tetrad effects of REE.From this,this paper presents a composite genetic model for high-degree fractional crystallization-volatile-rich fluid metasomatism of rare-metal granites.With the model,quantitative calculations have been made.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the tetrad effects of REE can be used as an important indicator to distinguish mineralized granites from barren ones. 相似文献
49.
Toshiaki Masuda 《Tectonophysics》1982,83(3-4)
This paper describes a microstructural sequence of quartz schists (metamorphosed chert) in the Asemi river region of the Sambagawa metamorphic terrain in central Shikoku, southwest Japan. The Asemi river region is divided into three areas on the basis of characteristics of microstructures of quartz schists observed under the optical microscope: areas I, II and III, in ascending order of metamorphic grade. Microstructures in area I consist of finer, equant, equidimensional and polygonal quartz grains free from internal deformation features. Microstructures in area II are characterized by oblate or elliptical grains with remarkable undulatory extinction surrounded by serrated grain boundaries. Microstructures in area III consist mainly of coarser and equant grains without distinct internal deformation features.The formation conditions of these microstructures are discussed in the light of recent experimental results. 相似文献
50.