OSL chronology and possible forcing mechanisms of dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield in northern China since the Last Glacial Maximum

The evolution processes and forcing mechanisms of the Horqin dunefield in northern China are poorly understood. In this study, systematic OSL dating of multiple sites is used together with pollen analysis of a representative section in order to reconstruct the evolution of the dunefield since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our results show that there was extensive dune mobilization 25–10 ka, transition to stabilization 10–8 ka, considerable dune stabilization 8–3 ka, and multiple episodes of stabilization and mobilization after 3 ka. Comparison of dune evolution of the dunefields in northern China during the Holocene showed that Asian monsoon and resultant effective moisture have played an important role in the evolution of dunefields at the millennial time scale. Further analysis indicated that the dune evolution in the Horqin dunefield before 3 ka was synchronous with climatic changes. However, increasing human activity has impacted dune evolution during the last 3 ka.     

Driftwood deposition from debris flows at slit-check dams and fans

Experience shows that debris flows containing large woody debris (driftwood) can be more damaging than debris flows without driftwood. In this study, the deposition process of debris flows carrying driftwood was investigated using numerical simulations and flume experiments. Debris-flow trapping due to driftwood jamming in a slit-check dam was also investigated. A numerical model was developed with an interacting combination of Eulerian expression of the debris flow and Lagrangian expression of the driftwood, in which the fluctuating coordinates and rotation of the driftwood were treated stochastically. The calculated shapes and thicknesses of a debris-flow fan and the positions and orientations of the deposited driftwood on a debris-flow fan were consistent with experimental flume results. The jamming of driftwood in a slit-check dam was evaluated based on geometry and probability. The simulated results of outflow discharge and the proportion of driftwood passed through the slit-check dam also agreed with the experimental results.     

Radioactive elements in natural gas: a case study on distribution of gaseous 222radon and its origin mechanism

As natural gas becomes increasingly important in our daily life, studies have been carried out on trace elements such as mercury and arsenic within it. Other than those, the existence of radioactive gaseous radon from the combustion of natural gas indoors can cause severe diseases and damages to body organs, putting a hazardous impact on human health. At the same time, the radon can also corrode gas production and transportation equipment. A review of the literature on radon concentrations in natural gas produced from gas reservoirs in China and other countries have been studied. Radon is a decay product from ²³⁸U, which is closely related to the accumulation and migration of organic matter during diagenesis. Gas recovered from reservoirs with higher than average natural ²³⁸U contains higher than average levels of ²²²Rn. Massive fault systems and fracture zones appear to play a significant role in radon concentrations in natural gas.     

Paleo‐fires and Atmospheric Oxygen Levels in the Latest Permian: Evidence from Maceral Compositions of Coals in Eastern Yunnan,Southern China

Inertinite maceral compositions of the Late Permian coals from three sections in the terrestrial and paralic settings of eastern Yunnan are analyzed in order to reveal the paleo-fire events and the atmospheric oxygen levels in the latest Permian. Although the macerals in the studied sections are generally dominated by vitrinite, the inertinite group makes up a considerable proportion. Its content increases upward from the beginning of the Late Permian to the coal seam near the Permian-Triassic boundary. Based on the microscopic features and the prevailing theory that inertinite is largely a by-product of paleo-fires, we suggest that the increasing upward trend of the inertinite abundance in the latest Permian could imply that the Late Permian peatland had suffered from frequent wildfires. Since ignition and burning depend on sufficient oxygen, a model-based calculation suggests that the O2 levels near the Wuchiapingian/Changhsingian boundary and the Permian-Triassic boundary are 27% and 28% respectively. This output adds supports to other discoveries made in the temporal marine and terrestrial sediments, and challenges the theories advocating hypoxia as a mechanism for the Permian-Triassic boundary crisis.     

青藏高原困难地区开展区域重力调查工作遇到的问题与对策

青藏高原的大部分地区自然条件恶劣、人口稀少、交通不便、基础测绘程度低、通讯条件极其落后,属于典型的开展区域重力调查工作的困难地区。在这些地区开展区域重力调查工作,在重力仪选择及标定、GPS控制点的建立及其控制范围、重力测点水准高程求取,以及近区地形改正、物性标本采集等方面都会遇到很多与内地一般地区工作时不一样的问题。笔者通过对青藏高原地区开展的多个1：20万区域重力调查项目的野外工作过程进行总结,分析了困难地区区域重力调查项目实施过程中遇到的一些技术问题,认为可通过尽量选择高精度、稳定性好的重力仪,合理延长闭合时间,采用CQG2000似大地水准面模型求取测点水准高程,扩大GPS基准站的控制半径等办法解决。这些措施可作为以后在青藏高原地区及国内其他困难地区开展区域重力调查工作时的参考。     

青藏高原东缘古近纪沙漠及其对季风起源的启示

沙漠沉积是地质历史演化过程中的一种特殊沉积,是特殊气候条件下的产物,对研究全球气候变化、大气环流样式具有独特的作用。沙漠沉积在地质历史中普遍存在但极少保存,它的发现和研究对恢复地质历史具有重要意义。研究表明,现代东亚季风系统建立前,尤其是古近纪早、中期,青藏高原东缘仍然处于行星环流所控制的干旱带内,发育了大量代表干旱炎热气候的石膏与盐类沉积,但至今尚未找到沙漠存在的确切记录。近年来,笔者采用沉积学、古气候学、古地理学等手段,并结合前人研究资料,对青藏高原东缘沉积盆地的古近纪早、中期红色地层进行了综合研究。结果表明,青藏高原东缘存在一个厚度稳定的古近纪早、中期风成沙丘富集带。在此基础上,通过古地理、沉积模式及古气候替代指标等分析,论证了青藏高原东缘存在古近纪盆山型沙漠沉积体系的可能性。沉积相、古流向分析揭示,青藏高原东缘存在一个由干旱向潮湿、由行星风系向季风风系转换的界面,可能暗示了东亚季风建立事件的发生。本研究相关成果可为新生代中国干旱带演化与全球气候变化研究提供可贵的沉积学资料,也可为青藏高原隆升与东亚季风起源研究提供重要的大气环流证据。     

内蒙古阿拉善右旗杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩 地球化学特征和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩富碱,贫MgO、TFeO、CaO,轻稀土元素明显富集,具弱负Eu异常,显示I型花岗岩的特点。Nb、Sr 、P、Ti元素亏损,显示出与俯冲有关的侵入岩特征。在R1-R2图解上,大部分样品集中在碰撞前与碰撞后花岗岩区的分界处,以碰撞前为主;在Nb-Y图解上,样品落在火山弧-同碰撞花岗岩区;在Rb-（Y+Nb）图解上,样品点落在火山弧花岗岩区;在Rb-Hf-Ta图解上,样品全部落在弧系统岩石区。主体岩石中锆石Th/U值高,显示出岩浆锆石的特征,稀土元素总量高,重稀土元素富集明显,球粒陨石标准化图解曲线左倾,与岩浆锆石稀土元素配分曲线总体特征趋于一致。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明其年龄为（253.5±7.9）Ma。杭嘎勒晚二叠世二长花岗岩为碰撞前火山弧花岗岩,研究区在晚二叠世时属于活动大陆边缘的火山弧。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗必鲁甘干钼铜多金属矿床地质特征及找矿前景

内蒙古自治区阿巴嘎旗必鲁甘干钼铜矿床,是内蒙古二连-东乌旗成矿带上近几年新发现的一个中型斑岩型矿床,矿体主要赋存于二长花岗斑岩及二叠系沉积地层中.化探工作发现,成矿元素Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Mo、W异常形态复杂,存在多个浓集中心,总体呈NE向展布,各元素异常浓度中心吻合,元素间套合良好.矿体形成与硅化、钾化、绢英岩化等蚀变有关,成矿与构造、岩浆活动、成矿热液活动关系密切.本文在总结该矿床的地质与化探特征基础上提出其成矿规律,为本区下一步找矿提供借鉴.