养殖曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)的两性异形及判别模式的建立

两性个体的有效鉴别是曼氏无针乌贼高效繁育及养殖模式(如单性养殖)建立的基础。为研究曼氏无针乌贼主要形态指标及雌雄形态差异,测量了160只F1代曼氏无针乌贼的19项可测量性状及13项标准化性状。采用聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析方法研究了曼氏无针乌贼同生群两性间的形态差异。结果表明:两性间可测量性状和标准化性状各有10项有显著性差异(P0.05);对标准化性状经过主成分分析和R-聚类分析均显示曼氏无针乌贼的两性的差异主要集中在辅助交配器官特征,头部特征,捕食器官和肥瘦特征以及体型特征等4个方面。在此基础上,通过逐步判别法从标准化性状中筛选出3项,即左3腕长/胴长、左4腕长/胴长及左触腕长/胴长,建立了雌雄的判别方程:雄性:F1=223.42X3+165.85X4+7.951X5–108.06;雌性:F2=151.48X3+92.71X4+19.19X5–60.38。所建立的判别方程,对样本群体的综合判别率达到95.00%。利用F2代亲体测量数据对判别函数进行识别验证,综合判别率达到85.34%。在判别方程中的3个标准化性状中,左3腕长/胴长和左4腕长/胴长在两性亲体间均存在显著的差异(P0.05),表明曼氏无针乌贼的雄性在性选择的作用下,交配器官存在显著差异。     

山西地震带不同基准的重力场变化

对2011—2017年山西及周边的流动重力观测资料,在绝对点控制下重新做平差计算,从不同尺度分析重力场的动态变化和跨断裂重力段差变化,重点对不同基准的重力场累积变化特征进行比较,结果显示:①文中的平均值基准可以明显削弱单期数据或个别测点对重力场造成的非正常影响;②在山西地震带持续出现了区域性的重力异常,形成了与构造断裂较为一致的重力梯度带;③山西地震带北部测段重力段差的变化幅值最大,南部次之但强于中部,反映了北部的构造活动比较活跃。     

天绘二号卫星工程设计与实现

天绘二号卫星系统是我国首个基于干涉合成孔径雷达技术的微波测绘卫星系统,也是我国第1个近距离编队卫星系统,是国际上继德国TanDEM-X系统后的第2个微波干涉测绘卫星系统,并在国际上首次提出了通过设计双频成像解决干涉相位绝对模糊问题的方法,彻底摆脱了对地面控制数据的依赖。该系统工作于X频段,设计分辨率为3 m,处于500 km的太阳同步轨道,由两颗对等的卫星组成,采用异轨道面卫星编队、一发双收雷达收发模式的技术体制,可以快速测制全球数字表面模型和雷达正射影像。本文通过对干涉基线体制、卫星编队构型及雷达收发模式的选择,提出了天绘二号卫星技术体制;并从系统任务、主要性能及组成3个方面进行了工程设计;从总体论证、关键技术攻关及验证、型号研制3个阶段阐述了工程实现情况;最后介绍了卫星系统在轨测试验证情况。测试结果表明,所有指标达到了工程设计要求,产品精度与TanDEM-X系统相当,满足1：5万比例尺测图精度要求,从而验证了天绘二号卫星工程设计思路正确,工程实现的方法合理可行。     

PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER HEIGHT MEASURED BY A WIND PROFILER BASED ON THE WAVELET TRANSFORM

Planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is an important input parameter for any boundary layer study or model, either climate or atmospheric. The variation of the PBLH is also of great significance to the physical processes of numerical prediction, diagnosis of weather forecasting and monitoring urban pollutants. However, effective ways to monitor the PBLH continuously are lack. Wind profilers are commonly used in monitoring PBLH continuously because of its high temporal and spatial resolution, coupled with capability of continuous detection. In this paper, the covariance wavelet transform (CWT) is used to analyze the range-corrected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the wind profiler to determine the PBLH, which is then compared with the results measured by the gradient method and the radiosonde. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The scaling parameter a and translation parameter b of the wavelet are critical in determination of the PBLH by applying the CWT as different values may get completely different results, which requires to select appropriate values in the calculation carefully. (2) Quality control is crucial in determining the PBLH because good quality control can help remove mutation points, which makes the determined PBLH more consistent with the actual situation. (3) In clear-air, the gradient method is not applicable if the boundary layer turbulence is inhomogeneous and the impact of noise is large for that it is easy to be impacted by the mutation of SNR caused by the atmosphere turbulence instability and other factors, which will cause large errors, while the CWT method as an improvement of the gradient method can determine the PBLH quite well. (4) Through quality control, the PBLHs determined by the CWT are consistent with those of radiosonde, and the correlation coefficient between them is 0.87.     

水准椭球的纬向密度分布

本文推导了旋转椭球极点重力与赤道重力的密度积分公式。按照１９８０大地参考系统及水准椭球的“极点重力条件”和“赤道重力条件”,从数学上证明了地球的“赤道径向平均密度”大于“极点径向平均密度”,并给出了水准椭球纬向密度分布的估算公式;进而提出了“地球的径向平均密度按纬向正常分布”的假说。     

胶东半岛乳山地区低角度韧性剪切带几何学、运动学特征:对中国东部岩石圈减薄作用的启示

大规模伸展构造是华北克拉通东部岩石圈减薄的重要表现形式。部分低角度韧性剪切带是地壳伸展变形后所展现的构造形式。本文研究了王格庄韧性剪切带的岩石学、几何学、运动学等特征显示:韧性剪切带走向近南北向,剪切带断层面倾向多变(倾向西、西南、西北方向)。大部分区域面理低角度倾向西,矿物拉伸线理近东西向,不对称旋转碎斑及S-C组构指示顶端指向西的剪切特征。结合研究区西侧与伸展构造相匹配的半地堑伸展盆地证据:本研究认为伸展构造的形成可能与西太平洋板块的后撤相关,即大规模伸展构造作用引发了华北克拉通东部的地壳减薄作用。     

甘肃龙首山岩带西井镁铁质岩体成因及其构造意义

西井岩体位于北祁连造山带以北,阿拉善地块西南缘的龙首山隆起带。以往的研究多以沿龙首山断裂分布的镁铁-超镁铁质岩带作为和金川岩体相关的岩浆事件进行,而本次选择西井镁铁质岩体进行了精确的地质年代学和地球化学研究,确定了西井岩体岩性主要为橄榄辉石岩和辉长岩,成岩时代为 (421.0±9.0) Ma,可以和北祁连高压变质带榴辉岩年龄相对应;ε_Nd(t)为4.06~5.52,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i为0.704 548~0.707 575,具有地幔岩石圈特征;微量元素及其同位素计算表明西井岩体经历了约10%的下地壳物质混染。据此得出西井岩体及其龙首山岩带早志留世镁铁质侵入岩体成因模式为:祁连洋壳连续俯冲过程中洋壳与陆壳分离,热的软流圈物质持续冲击地幔岩石圈的底部;由于热传导效应,大地热流沿着地幔岩石圈上升,使得80 km深度的湿的橄榄岩层发生熔融,产生玄武质岩浆作用,玄武质岩浆上升过程中与下地壳物质发生约10%混染,形成西井岩体及其龙首山镁铁超镁铁质岩带。     

Spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxide components in depression between karst hills,Southwest China

In karst regions,the spatial heterogeneity of soil mineral oxides and environmental variables is still not clear.We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,CaO,MgO,P2O5,K2O,and MnO contents in the soils of slope land,plantation forest,secondary forest,and primary forest,as well as their relationships with environmental variables in a karst region of Southwest China.Geostatistics,principal component analysis(PCA),and canonical correlation analysis(CCA)were applied to analyze the field data.The results show that SiO2was the predominant mineral in the soils(45.02%–67.33%),followed by Al2O3and Fe2O3.Most soil mineral oxide components had a strong spatial dependence,except for CaO,MgO,and P2O5in the plantation forest,MgO and P2O5in the secondary forest,and CaO in the slope land.Dimensionality reduction in PCA was not appropriate due to the strong spatial heterogeneity in the ecosystems.Soil mineral oxide components,the main factors in all ecosystems,had greater influences on vegetation than those of conventional soil properties.There were close relationships between soil mineral oxide components and vegetation,topography,and conventional soil properties.Mineral oxide components affected species diversity,organic matter and nitrogen levels.     

The 1978 outburst of the recurrent nova WZ Sagittae

We give the results of photographic observations of the recurrent nova WZ Sge during its 1978 outburst, between December 5 and 25, using the double astrograph of Beijing Observatory. We discuss the observed properties and calculate the total energy released during the outburst to be about 1.07 (+40) erg. We estimate that the next outburst will occur around the year 2011.     

基于膨胀管技术的小井眼水平井钻井技术应用

塔河油田地质情况复杂,岩性差异大,地层压力变化大,局部区域有高压盐水层和膏盐层,开孔尺寸受限,给钻井工程带来诸多技术难题。针对这些难题,提出了坐封斜向器开窗侧钻、定向随钻扩眼、膨胀管和小井眼水平井钻井技术。 TK7-640CH井的钻井实践表明,以上技术在塔河油田奥陶系饱177.8 mm套管开窗侧钻水平井的应用具有可行性,能够封隔复杂地层和异常压力系统。就侧钻井技术难点和技术方案的可行性进行了探讨和分析,总结该井实钻所取得的成功经验,为塔河油田老井的恢复及再生提供了技术支撑。