藏北尼玛地区白垩纪岩浆岩对班公湖-怒江缝合带演化的制约

班公湖-怒江缝合带及其两侧广泛分布白垩纪岩浆岩,这些岩浆活动记录了班公湖-怒江特提斯洋俯冲至闭合以及拉萨-羌塘板块碰撞过程.为了约束该缝合带在早-晚白垩世的演化过程,本文对缝合带中段尼玛地区花岗岩进行岩相学、地球化学、锆石年代学和Hf同位素研究.尼玛北部虾别错花岗岩侵入到中生代地层中,发育石英闪长质包体.锆石U-Pb定...     

山岭隧道断层错动及地震响应模型试验研究

东非大裂谷处于持续扩张运动中,断层错动和地震作用活跃.对此依托内马铁路2号隧道工程,设计断层错动和地震作用下山岭隧道振动台试验.综合确定长度相似比0.05、密度相似比0.8、弹性模量相似比0.03,设计了一种新型的断层错动装置和隧道震动裂缝声发射监测方法.试验结果表明:断层错动装置较好的模拟了岩层错动,声发射监测技术较...     

Quasi-waveform seismic tomography of crustal structures in the capital circle region of China

Seismic tomography is one of the main tools to explore the interior of the earth.In this study,the quasi-waveform seismic tomographic method is used for the first time to reveal the crustal structures in the capital region of China.3-D highresolution V_P,V_S and the Poisson’s ratio models are generated by inverting 29839 direct P-and 29972 direct S-wave traveltimes selected from 3231 local earthquakes.The results reveal strong crustal heterogeneities.The velocity anomalies at shallow depths are well consistent with surface geologic structures.The relatively low-velocity anomaly layer in the middle crust may be the result of multiple phases of tectonic activity.Earthquakes generally occurred on the boundaries of high-and low-velocity and Poisson’s ratio anomalies.There are obvious low-velocity anomalies below the hypocenters of the Tangshan earthquake and the historical Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake,implying the existence of fluids.The similar velocity structures around the hypocenters of the two earthquakes indicate that the occurrences of the two earthquakes may be related to the same mechanism.The highresolution velocity models provide important observational constraints on the small-scale heterogeneities and dynamic mechanism of the crust in the capital region of China.     

Variations in annual winter mean temperature in South China since 1736

Modern meteorological observations in South China from 1960 to 2009 show a strong correlation between winter temperatures and two snowfall parameters, the southern boundary of the snow and the number of snowy days. Based on this relationship, the variation in annual winter mean temperature in South China from 1736 to 2009 was reconstructed using data acquired from Chinese historical documents dating from the Qing dynasty, such as memos and local gazettes. The reconstructed time series were used to analyse variations in winter temperature in South China. Significant interannual and interdecadal changes were found. The maximum temperature difference between neighbouring years was 3.1 °C for 1958–2009 and 3.0 °C for 1736–1957, whereas the maximum temperature difference between adjacent decades was 0.8 °C for the 1960s–2000s and 0.6 °C for the 1740s–1950s. The 2000s was the warmest decade; the mean temperature was 1.6 °C higher than that of the 1870s, which was the coldest decade between the 1740s and the 2000s. The mean winter temperature was warmer in the 18th and 20th centuries and coldest in the 19th century.     

钛酸镧烧结物中游离氧化镧的测定

本文研究了La(Ⅲ)与甲基百里酚蓝和溴化十六烷基吡啶在pH7.8—11.0的NH_4OH-NH_4Cl介质中生成紫色络合物的显色反应,λ_(max)=628nm,ε=8.1×10~4,La量在0—90μg/25ml范围内遵循比尔定律,烧结物中一些常见的离子不干扰测定。本法用于烧结物中游离氧化镧的测定,结果满意。     

Production of N2O,CH4, and CO2 from soils in the tropical savanna during the dry season

Emissions of N₂O, CH₄, and CO₂ from soils at two sites in the tropical savanna of central Venezuela were determined during the dry season in February 1987. Measured arithmetic mean fluxes of N₂O, CH₄, and CO₂ from undisturbed soil plots to the atmosphere were 2.5×10⁹, 4.3×10¹⁰, and 3.0×10¹³ molecules cm^-2 s^-1, respectively. These fluxes were not significantly affected by burning the grass layer. Emissions of N₂O increased fourfold after simulated rainfall, suggesting that production of N₂O in savanna soils during the rainy season may be an important source for atmospheric N₂O. The CH₄ flux measurements indicate that these savanna soils were not a sink, but a small source, for atmospheric methane. Fluxes of CO₂ from savanna soils increased ninefold two hours after simulated rainfall, and remained three times higher than normal after 16 hours. More research is needed to clarify the significance of savannas in the global cycles of N₂O, CH₄, CO₂, and other trace gases, especially during the rainy season.     

大别山北麓佛子岭群的特征及其形成的大地构造环境

佛子岭群主要由一套绿片岩相的变质岩组成,分布在安徽境内的大别山北麓。其上部为一套变质的复理石建造,下部为变质的火山-沉积岩建造。佛子岭群的变质火山岩的岩石化学特征及佛子岭群的岩石组合特征表明,佛子岭群是发育在一断陷盆地中,该断陷盆地可能在晚元古代早期开始拉张,在晚元古代末期闭合。在此期间,郯-庐断裂带在华北断块和大别山古老断块之间的拉张与闭合过程中可能起着类似于转换断层的作用。     

人造金刚石合成片中再结晶物质的空间分布

通过电子显微镜观察，发现金刚石合成片断面的再结晶物质具有分带现象，金刚石晶体出现于再结晶片－板状石墨亚带和枝状石墨亚带中，这一发现有助于深入探讨金刚石的生长条件和形成机理。