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82.
利用英国Hadley气候中心研制的区域气候模式系统PRECIS,嵌套全球环流模式HadCM3,模拟了气候基准时段1961-1990年内蒙古平均气温。通过模拟结果与实测值的对比分析。预测并分析了在B2温室气体排放情景(SRES)下.2071-2100年内蒙古气温的变化情景。结果表明:PRECIS模式较好的模拟出了内蒙古1961-1990年30年平均的气温分布,特别在模拟从东北向西南温度递增趋势上表现了良好的能力,尤其是在锡林浩特以东地区,模拟韵高低值中心位置和范围与实况比较吻合,且对夏季温度的模拟能力明显强于其他季节。在B2排放情景下,未来2071—2100年内蒙古气候继续向暖的方向发展,年平均气温、冬季和夏季平均气温均呈显著上升趋势,全区增温3.5~5℃。升幅最大的地区在阿拉善中西部。 相似文献
83.
新疆大风的时空统计特征 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:16
统计了1961-1999年39a新疆90个气象观测站的气表-1资料,给出新疆大风的时空分布特征,结果表明:(1)年平均大风日数的高值区在北疆西北部,东疆和南疆西部,阿拉山口,达坂城大风最多,准噶尔盆地中心,塔里木盆地南缘最少。(2)大风年总日数的变化有明显的波动性,大部分地区80年代起大风日数有减少的趋势。(3)春,夏季大风最多,以5,6月最为频敏,大风主要出现在上年10时到午夜23时,半数以上的大风持续时间在1h以上,以0.5h以内最多。 相似文献
84.
85.
Climatic regime shift and decadal anomalous events in China 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Climatic time series from historical documents and instrumental records from China showed temporal and regional patterns in
the last two to three centuries, including two multidecadal oscillations at quasi-20-year and quasi-70-year timescales revealed
by signal analysis from wavelet transform. Climatic anomalous events on the decadal timescale were identified based on the
two oscillations when their positive (or negative) phases coincide with each other to amplify amplitude. The coldest event
occurred in the decade of 1965–1975 in eastern China, while the periods of 1920–1930, 1940–1950, and 1988–2000 appeared to
be warmer in most parts of China. For the precipitation series in northern China, the dry anomalous event was found in the
late 1920s, while the wet anomalous event occurred in the 1950s. A severe drought in 1927–1929 in northern China coincided
with the anomalous warm and dry decade, caused large-scale famine in nine provinces over northern China. Climatic anomalous
events with a warm-dry or cold-wet association in the physical climate system would potentially cause severe negative impacts
on natural ecosystem in the key vulnerable region over northern China. The spatial pattern of summer rainfall anomalies in
the eastern China monsoon region showed an opposite variations in phase between the Yellow River Valley (North China) and
the mid-low Yangtze River Valley as well as accompanied the shift of the northernmost monsoon boundary. Climatic regime shifts
for different time points in the last 200 years were identified. In North China, transitions from dry to wet periods occurred
around 1800, 1875, and 1940 while the transitions from wet to dry periods appeared around 1840, 1910, and the late 1970s.
The reversal transition in these time points can also be found in the lower Yangtze River. Climatic regime shifts in China
were linked to the interaction of mid- and low latitude atmospheric circulations (the westerly flow and the monsoon flow)
when they cross the Tibetan Plateau in East Asia. 相似文献
86.
87.
Mass and energy fluxes between the atmosphere and vegetation are driven by meteorological variables, and controlled by plant
water status, which may change more markedly diurnally than soil water. We tested the hypothesis that integration of dynamic
changes in leaf water potential may improve the simulation of CO2 and water fluxes over a wheat canopy. Simulation of leaf water potential was integrated into a comprehensive model (the ChinaAgrosys)
of heat, water and CO2 fluxes and crop growth. Photosynthesis from individual leaves was integrated to the canopy by taking into consideration the
attenuation of radiation when penetrating the canopy. Transpiration was calculated with the Shuttleworth-Wallace model in
which canopy resistance was taken as a link between energy balance and physiological regulation. A revised version of the
Ball-Woodrow-Berry stomatal model was applied to produce a new canopy resistance model, which was validated against measured
CO2 and water vapour fluxes over winter wheat fields in Yucheng (36°57′ N, 116°36′ E, 28 m above sea level) in the North China
Plain during 1997, 2001 and 2004. Leaf water potential played an important role in causing stomatal conductance to fall at
midday, which caused diurnal changes in photosynthesis and transpiration. Changes in soil water potential were less important.
Inclusion of the dynamics of leaf water potential can improve the precision of the simulation of CO2 and water vapour fluxes, especially in the afternoon under water stress conditions. 相似文献
88.
Summary A pilot tropical cyclone reanalysis project was conducted to construct a reliable, high temporal and spatial resolution tropical
cyclone dataset for selected western Pacific typhoons in summer 2004, with the application of the latest satellite observations
and a 4-dimensional variational data assimilation method. Primary data used for the reanalysis include SSM/I rain rate, GOES-retrieved
upper-level wind, QuikSCAT surface wind, Aqua AIRS/AMSU retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, and JTWC best track data.
A regular reanalysis procedure was established and up to 12 western Pacific typhoons have been reanalyzed. The reanalysis
period covers the entire life cycle of a tropical cyclone, from a few days prior to its genesis to its final decay stage.
A preliminary analysis shows that the reanalysis product significantly improves typhoon intensity, structure, and track, compared
to the NCEP operational final analysis. The validation of the TC structure against independent observations shows that the
reanalysis reproduces well the asymmetric characteristics of TC rain bands and cloud bands. A further modeling experiment
with an initial condition from the reanalysis product reveals a significant improvement in typhoon intensity forecast compared
to a parallel experiment with an initial condition from the NCEP final analysis, which provides a further indication of quality
of the tropical cyclone reanalysis. The reanalysis product and the raw observational data will soon be posted on the data
server of the IPRC Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center () for public use. 相似文献
89.
90.
且干布拉克蛭石的矿物学研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
本文对产于新疆且干布拉克的我国最大蛭石矿的组成、结构和谱学特征做了系统的阐述。研究表明:且干布拉克蛭石是由金云母风化而成。由于风化的不完全,该蛭石保留了许多金云母的特征。该蛭石不是个严格矿物学意义上的蛭石,它是由金云母、严格矿物学意义上的蛭石、以及两者组成的多种混层矿物的混合物。金云母风化过程中可能有杂质铁相生成。蛭石的颜色和多色性,可能起因于其中的O~(2-)→Fe~(2+23+)和Fe~(2+)→Fe~(3+) 相似文献