The characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin

The Central Gas Field is a famous large-sized gas field in the Ordos Basin of China. However, identification of main gas sources of the Ordovician reservoirs in this gas field remains puzzling. On the basis of a lot of geochemical data and geological research on natural gases, the characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin were studied. The results indicated that natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin have similar chemical and isotopic compositions to highly mature and over-mature dry gases. Both coal-derived gases and oil-type gases coexist in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin. The former was derived mainly from Carboniferous-Permian coal measures and the latter from Lower Paleozoic marine carbonates. It is suggested that coal-derived gases occur in the eastern part of the Central Gas Field while oil-type gases may be produced mainly in the northern, western and southern parts of the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin.     

潜水面对储层压力的作用机制

潜水面与地表不一致会使储层压力产生异常,给煤层气勘探开发造成影响。从异常压力的成因机理入手,应用理论分析与实例解剖相结合的方法,通过不同系统中潜水面对储层压力的作用机制研究,分析了开放系统中区域潜水面变化所引起的储层压力变化规律,反映了盆地水动力场作用下的储层压力系统的动态演化过程,指出潜水面变化是储层异常压力形成的重要机制。     

GPS应用于高空施工机械安全监控

结合小湾水电站建设施工情况,利用实地采集的GPS定位数据,探讨使用GPS实时动态定位技术构建高空施工机械安全监控系统的实现原理和可行性,同时介绍构成系统的各个模块及其功能,给出有效地实施高空施工机械安全运行监控的实用方法。     

海底基岩高程测量中浅地层剖面仪数据处理方法研究

本文从浅地层剖面仪在海洋地球物理探测中的应用为出发点,介绍了浅地层剖面仪采集数据的构成后,提出了一种基于ESRI公司ArcGIS平台数据处理方法,并结合某跨海大桥工程桥墩附近基岩高程测量的实例,证明了该方法的快速、有效性,最后提出了对于浅地层剖面数据处理方法的结论与展望。     

经验模式分解的尺度阈值滤波在变形分析中的应用

本文将信号处理领域的经验模式分解算法应用于变形信息的提取中,通过引入阈值函数,建立了基于经验模式分解的尺度阈值滤波模型,采用优化模型确定了经验模式分解的次数。分别通过模拟试验和实测数据与小波阈值法和多项式拟合法进行了比对,分析表明:在低噪声情况下,三种方法都有一定的滤波效果;在高噪声情况下,经验模式分解的尺度阈值滤波法具有与小波阈值去噪法相等的精度,而且瞬时强噪声识别能力更好,优于多项式拟合法。     

评价生物气生成量、生成期的元素平衡法及其应用

生物气的生成期对其成藏有至关重要的制约作用,但目前国内外尚缺少可信、有效方法来对此进行评价。针对这一难题,考虑到无论生物气的生成机理如何,都是一个有机元素之间的物质平衡过程,文章探索并建立了评价生物气生成量的元素平衡法,并利用松辽盆地大量的实际分析数据,对这一评价方法(模型)进行了标定和应用。结果表明,松辽盆地生物气的生成可能主要发生在800m以浅的埋深条件下;区内源岩生物气的生成量约为285.0×1012m3;生物气的主要生成期在嫩江组沉积末期之前。     

汶川特大地震后成都盆地内隐伏断层活动性分析

成都盆地内主要有3条隐伏的活动断裂带,包括大邑断裂带、蒲江-新津断裂带和龙泉山断裂带,它们在第四纪都表现出了一定的活动性."512"汶川特大地震后,笔者实地考察的结果表明,在汶川特大地震中成都盆地中的隐伏断裂没有产生新的活动性,目前成都盆地不存在发生特大地震的危险性,是安全的.     

基于粉喷桩复合地基沉降计算的探讨

在对粉喷桩复合地基现有的沉降计算理论分析的基础上,结合粉喷桩的荷载传递规律,提出符合工程实际的沉降计算方法。     

坐标转换中公共点选取对于转换精度的影响

采用7参数布尔莎模型转换GPS坐标时,由于公共点情况复杂会对坐标转换精度产生影响。本文简述了采用布尔莎模型进行坐标转换的一般过程,结合工程算例考虑了公共点分布的几种情况对坐标转换精度的影响,提出了坐标转换分区进行的思想,得到了一些有益的结论。     

Response of riparian vegetation to water-table changes in the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang Uygur, China

The lower reaches of Tarim River in the Xinjiang Uygur region of western China had been dried out for more than 30 years before water began to be diverted from Konqi (Peacock) River via a 927-km-long channel in year 2000, aimed at improving the riparian ecological systems. Since then, eight intermittent water deliveries have been carried out. To evaluate the response of riparian vegetation to these operations, the groundwater regime and vegetation changes have been monitored along the 350-km-long stem of the river using a network of 40 dug wells at nine transects across the river and 30 vegetation plots at key sites. Results show that the water table rose remarkably, i.e. from a depth of 9.87 m before the water delivery to 3.16 m after the third water delivery. The lateral distance of affected water table extended to 1,050 m from the riverbank after the fourth water delivery. The riparian vegetation has changed in composition, type, distribution, and growing behavior. This shows that the water deliveries have had significant effects on restoration of riparian ecosystems.