一种潜艇装备作战能力比较研究方法

对潜艇装备作战能力评估问题进行了研究,发现运用定量评估方法的过程中存在指标评价所需数据无法完全获取的问题。结合美弗吉尼亚潜艇改进情况,分析了影响潜艇作战能力的一些关键因素,重点基于潜艇武器装载能力,对国外典型潜艇进行了作战能力比较分析,最后对分析结果进行了评价,并讨论了未来潜艇作战能力评估方法的发展方向。     

近30 a甘肃省河东地区极端气温指数时空变化特征及趋势预测

基于甘肃省河东地区61个气象站点1988—2017年逐日气温数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验,Sen’s斜率估计方法分析甘肃省河东地区极端气温指数的时空变化趋势,并探讨极端气温指数与其影响因素之间的关系,最后利用NAR神经网络结合Hurst指数对甘肃省河东地区极端气温指数变化进行预测分析。结果表明：(1)从时间上看,冷极值相对指数呈下降趋势,冷极值绝对指数、暖极值以及气温日较差、作物生长期呈上升趋势。(2)从空间上看,对冷极值变化反应最为敏感的是高寒湿润区,对暖极值变化反应最为敏感的是温带半湿润区和北亚热带湿润区,除北亚热带湿润区外各区域作物生长期的变化都达到了显著水平,而气温日较差仅在温带半湿润区达到了显著水平。(3)多数极端气温指数与经纬度、海拔之间有显著相关性,但受区域自然特点影响,经度与海拔对其影响实为一类。(4)亚洲区极涡强度、北半球极涡强度以及青藏高原指数B与极端气温指数变化有密切关系,而太阳黑子等只与个别指数之间存在显著的相关性。(5)预测出的极端气温指数冷极值相对指数仍呈现下降趋势,冷极值的绝对指数、暖极值以及气温日较差、作物生长期仍然呈现增加趋势,但大多数指数与1988—2017年相比变化幅度有所降低。（6）与其他区域相比甘肃省河东地区大多数气温指数变化幅度处于中间水平,表现出其为多种不同气候区、自然区交界地带的特色。     

甘肃酒泉荒漠戈壁灌木群落优势物种生态位特征

了解物种利用资源和占据生态空间的能力,对维持完善和科学保育荒漠戈壁植物群落的多样性具有重要意义。在综合反映各生态因子作用的群落类型和海拔梯度组合而成的两条资源轴上,测度分析了甘肃酒泉荒漠戈壁灌木群落主要优势种的生态位特征。结果表明：(1)在群落类型和海拔梯度两条资源轴上,红砂（Reaumuria songarica）、泡泡刺（Nitraria sphaerocarpa）和合头草（Sympegma regelii）的重要值和生态位宽度均较大,说明这些物种适应能力强,能够较好地利用环境资源,分布范围大,作为荒漠戈壁灌木群落中的广域种具有重要的生态地位和作用。(2)荒漠戈壁优势物种间的生态位重叠值多数较小,在群落类型和海拔梯度资源轴上生态位重叠值小于0.5的分别占总种对的62.63%和77.89%。生态位宽度大的物种之间一般生态位重叠值较高,物种利用资源能力强且存在竞争关系;然而,生态位宽度较小的物种与其他物种之间的生态位重叠程度较低,不同物种在环境资源的需求上产生互补,可以和谐共存;生态位宽度小的物种之间生态位重叠值仍较高,物种分布呈斑块现象;因此,生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间无显著相关性。(3)荒漠戈壁优势物种间总体表现为不显著的正关联,表明该植被群落结构及其物种之间处于稳定共存的状态。     

Influence of Stress on Void Ratios of Compacted Crushed Rock Masses in Coal Mine Gobs

The transfer and evolution of stress among rock blocks directly change the void ratios of crushed rock masses and affect the flow of methane in coal mine gobs. In this study, a Lagrange framework and a discrete element method, along with the soft-sphere model and EDEM numerical software, were used. The compaction processes of rock blocks with diameters of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 m were simulated with the degrees of compression set at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. This study examines the influence of stress on void ratios of compacted crushed rock masses in coal mine gobs. The results showed that stress was mainly transmitted downward through strong force chains. As the degree of compression increased, the strong force chains extended downward, which resulted in the stress at the upper rock mass to become significantly higher than that at the lower rock mass. It was determined that under different degrees of compression, the rock mass of coal mine gobs could be divided, from the bottom to the top, into a lower insufficient compression zone (ICZ) and an upper sufficient compression zone (SCZ). From bottom to top, the void ratios in the ICZ sharply decreased and those in the SCZ slowly decreased. Void ratios in the ICZ were 1.2–1.7 times higher than those in the SCZ.

     

Exploring Spatially Non-stationary Relationships in the Determinants of Mineralization in 3D Geological Space

Exploring the spatial relationships between various geological features and mineralization is not only conducive to understanding the genesis of ore deposits but can also help to guide mineral exploration by providing predictive mineral maps. However, most current methods assume spatially constant determinants of mineralization and therefore have limited applicability to detecting possible spatially non-stationary relationships between the geological features and the mineralization. In this paper, the spatial variation between the distribution of mineralization and its determining factors is described for a case study in the Dingjiashan Pb–Zn deposit, China. A local regression modeling technique, geological weighted regression (GWR), was leveraged to study the spatial non-stationarity in the 3D geological space. First, ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression was applied, the redundancy and significance of the controlling factors were tested, and the spatial dependency in Zn and Pb ore grade measurements was confirmed. Second, GWR models with different kernel functions in 3D space were applied, and their results were compared to the OLS model. The results show a superior performance of GWR compared with OLS and a significant spatial non-stationarity in the determinants of ore grade. Third, a non-stationarity test was performed. The stationarity index and the Monte Carlo stationarity test demonstrate the non-stationarity of all the variables throughout the area. Finally, the influences of the degree of non-stationary of all controlling factors on mineralization are discussed. The existence of significant non-stationarity of mineral ore determinants in 3D space opens up an exciting avenue for research into the prediction of underground ore bodies.

     

利用CEEMD分析中国沿海GNSS站高程时序变化

利用完备经验模态分解方法（CEEMD）对我国沿海地区6个GNSS基准站（2010—2018）的高程时序数据进行了处理分析。结果表明：CEEMD在高程时间序列分析中具有一定的优越性,可准确分解出各GNSS站高程时序中存在的周、月、季节、年等变化周期项,其中周年运动是主要贡献项,各站高程时间序列的短周期变化与潮汐变化周期具有密切关联性;沿海GNSS站的地面沉降既具有区域的一致性,又存在区域间差异性,其中D区DBJO、DZJJ站呈现先下降后上升的趋势,N区NZUH、NWZU站呈下降趋势,B区的BZMW呈上升趋势,而同海区的BLHT站则呈显著的下降趋势。     

多源地理空间矢量数据关联分析

针对多源地理空间矢量数据多来源、难以集成综合利用这一现状,本文提出了多源地理空间矢量数据关联方法,并以此为基础构建了多源地理空间矢量数据关联的可视与计算查询系统。首先,对多源地理空间矢量数据关联的概念及分类进行了定义。然后,以此为基础,提出了关联关系构建技术：自适应四叉树编码技术、扫描线技术、几何匹配及语义匹配技术。最后,为实现关联关系的直观展示,设计了原型系统。关联技术的提出可建立起多源地理空间矢量数据之间的关联关系,原型系统的构建也为用户综合利用多源地理空间矢量数据提供了平台,提高了数据的利用率及数据查询的效能。     

无人机在重大地质灾害应急调查中的应用

传统的地质灾害应急调查受限于地形、天气等外界条件,不能快速全面地获取灾害的详细信息,而无人机具有灵活性强、时效性高和不受复杂地形影响等特点,在地质灾害应急调查中有独特的优势。本文以“6·24”新磨村滑坡和“10·11”白格滑坡为例,阐述了无人机数据获取及处理流程,重点介绍了无人机获取的数字地形产品在地质灾害精确描述、定性及定量分析中的应用。结果表明：无人机摄影测量技术为重大地质灾害应急调查提供了更加科学高效的现场影像采集和遥感成果处理及应用方案,为应急救灾工作的顺利实施及分析研判提供了重要数据支撑,科学有效地保证了现场施工救援人员的安全。     

无人机在露天矿山监测中的应用

在露天矿山开采过程中,对矿山进行实时动态监测很有必要,它不仅能够实时掌握开采进度和开采方案实施的准确性,还有利于数字矿山建设。本文以河北省保定市涞源县某露天矿区为例,利用Pix4Dmapper软件对无人机航拍影像进行数据采集与处理,获取矿区的三维点云数据、数字正射影像和数字地表模型,并利用ArcGIS和Global Mapper软件对生产成果进行矿山开发占地分析,实现露天矿山三维可视化。本文为准确掌握矿山环境治理执行情况,把握矿山开发整体情况给予了有力的参考和借鉴作用。     

基于地理国情数据的长江岸线保护和开发利用情况分析

本文基于地理国情数据,从农业垦殖、开发建设、生态修复情况三个方面出发,对长江岸线1 km范围内的保护和开发利用情况进行空间统计分析。通过分析可知:(1)2015~2018年,长江岸线农业垦殖和开发建设力度有所增强;(2)2015~2018年,长江岸线生态修复取得一定的进展,但仍需持续推进。