Determination of 3-D Velocity Anomalies of the Nanbei Tectonic Zone of China Based on Local Earthquakes

In this paper, 3-D velocity images of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Nanbei tectonic zone of China are constructed using P-wave travel time residuals of earthquakes, with the data supplied by China's seismic networks and the International Seismic Centre.During the model parameterization in the tomographic inversion the interpolation function of grid node velocities is used as the space function of velocity, and the velocity function is allowed to be discontinuous. The difficulties caused by large memory demand and high computing cost in solving the system of equations are avoided by utilizing the least squares QR decomposition algorithm. Thus, the stability of the algorithm is ensured. Though resolution images are not derived in the inversion process based on the resolution theory of Backus and Gilbert, a covariance resolution method is put forward by the authors. The resolution analyses have proved the reliability of the image results. 3-D ray tracing is conducted to obtain the ray paths in a s     

藏南地区晚白垩世岩相古地理初步研究

通过对藏南地区上白垩统沉积特征及沉积相进行综合分析,初步地恢复了该地区晚白垩世岩相古地理.该地区自南向北沉积水体逐步变深,沉积相带展布依次为滨海相、浅海陆棚相(外陆棚和内陆棚亚相)、大陆斜坡相及深海盆地相,局部地区浅海陆棚相之上发育碳酸盐岩礁滩相和孤立台地相等.盆地性质总体上仍然为被动大陆边缘海盆,但已具备周缘前陆盆地...     

GMS－5水汽图象所揭示的青藏高原地区对流层上部水汽分布特征

该文利用１９９５年６月中旬至７月初ＧＭＳ－５水汽图象,对青藏高原地区对流层上部水汽分布进行了初步分析．发现高原地区对流层上部水汽的汇集主要通过以下４种方式进行：①水汽从高原东南方的雅鲁藏布江河谷等地进入高原,是主要路径;②从西南方越过喜马拉雅山进入高原;③从帕米尔及其以北地区漂过塔里木盆地后进入高原;④对流活动可以引起水汽在高原上空积聚．从多时相平均水汽图象上反映出高原上西北干、东南湿的水汽分布特征,并初步讨论了水汽图象所揭示的在高原生成的系统对我国东部天气的影响．     

Experimental study on strain field evolution around a simulated thrust fault

Earthquakes result from continuous geodynamic processes. A topic of significant interest for the scientific community is to elaborate on the phenomena governing the faulting and fracturing of crustal rocks. Therefore, in this study, uniaxial compressive shear failure experiments were conducted on Fangshan marble rock samples with a prefabricated slot to simulate thrust faulting. The center of each marble plate (105 mm × 80 mm × 5 mm) was engraved with a 30-mm long double-sided nonpenetrating slot (depth: 2 mm, width: 0.5 mm). The deformation and destruction processes of the rock surface were recorded using a high-speed camera. The digital image correlation method was used to calculate the displacement and strain distribution and variation at different loading stages. The accumulative and incremental displacement fields u and v , strain field e_x and e_y, and shear strain e_xy were analyzed. When the loading level reached its ultimate value, the strain field was concentrated around the prefabricated slot. The concentration reached a maximum at the ends of the prefabricated slot. The magnitude of shear strain reached 0.1. This experiment contributes to our understanding of the dynamic process of active faulting.     

轨道扣件病害自动化检测研究及应用

传统扣件检查基本采用人工检查方式,不仅工作效率低、劳动强度大,而且人为干扰因素多、检查采样率低.针对以上问题,本文提出了一种基于线结构光传感器的轨道扣件损伤和松动检测方法,并开发了轨道扣件智能监测系统以实现扣件病害自动检测.最终将研究成果应用于徐州市某地铁区间轨道扣件检测,验证了该方法的可行性和准确率,为地铁轨道扣件检...     

沉积物记录的亚高山湖泊环境变化——以鄂东南云中湖为例

根据云中湖27 cm长沉积岩芯进行元素、粒度和硅藻多指标分析以及²¹⁰Pb测年,结合流域气候和人类活动等历史资料,反演1958年以来云中湖在气候变化和人类活动影响下的环境变化。冗余分析结果显示云中湖沉积硅藻组合变化与Al、Fe、Pb和温度四个变量显著相关。硅藻属种聚类分析的结果表明云中湖环境变化经历了两个阶段：1958-1993年间喜碱性水体的Achnanthes minutissima和Fragilaria nanana属种大量出现与较高CIA指数响应于气候调控下的流域侵蚀过程;1993年以来气候变暖与旅游发展引起入湖营养盐增加是Cyclotella pseudostelligera和Aulacoseira alpigena等中—富营养硅藻种增殖的主要诱因。重建亚高山湖泊在气候变化以及人类活动影响下湖泊生态系统的演化,为保护亚高山湖泊生态环境和改善流域水质提供参考。     

Bagging-based machine learning algorithms for landslide susceptibility modeling

Natural Hazards - Landslide hazards have attracted increasing public attention over the past decades due to a series of catastrophic consequences of landslide occurrence. Thus, the mitigation and...     

Nonlinear Atmospheric and Climate Dynamics in China （2003-2006）： A Review

Recent advances in the study of nonlinear atmospheric and climate dynamics in China （2003 2006） are briefly reviewed. Major achievements in the following eight areas are covered： nonlinear error dynamics and predictability; nonlinear analysis of observational data; eddy-forced envelope Rossby soliton theory; sensitivity and stability of the ocean＇s thermohaline circulation; nonlinear wave dynamics; nonlinear analysis on fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer; the basic structures of atmospheric motions; some applications of variational methods.     

An integrated object-based image analysis and CA-Markov model approach for modeling land use/land cover trends in the Sarab plain

The present paper is an attempt to integrate a semi-automated object-based image analysis (OBIA) classification framework and a cellular automata-Markov model to study land use/land cover (LULC) changes. Land use maps for the Sarab plain in Iran for the years 2000, 2006, and 2014 were created from Landsat satellite data, by applying an OBIA classification using the normalized difference vegetation index, salinity index, moisture stress index, soil-adjusted vegetation index, and elevation and slope indicators. The classifications yielded overall accuracies of 91, 93, and 94% for 2000, 2006, and 2014, respectively. Finally, using the transition matrix, the spatial distribution of land use was simulated for 2020. The results of the study revealed that the number of orchards with irrigated agriculture and dry-farm agriculture in the Sarab plain is increasing, while the amount of bare land is decreasing. The results of this research are of great importance for regional authorities and decision makers in strategic land use planning.     

河南鲁山太华变质杂岩前寒武纪变质作用

太华变质杂岩("太华群")出露于华北克拉通中部造山带南缘,包括自西北向东南依次出露的华山、洛宁、鲁山、舞钢等四个出露区。鲁山地区太华变质杂岩中的斜长角闪岩类,变质演化历史记录得相对最为全面,其中普遍保留了三个阶段的变质矿物组合。第一阶段变质矿物组合(M1)为进变质组合,以石榴子石变斑晶中的包裹体矿物组合(石英+斜长石+角闪石±单斜辉石±钛铁矿)为代表,形成于约710℃/7.8kbar的条件下。第二阶段变质矿物组合(M2)为变质高峰期组合,以石榴子石变斑晶和基质矿物组合(角闪石+斜长石+石英±单斜辉石±钛铁矿)为代表,形成于约730~810℃/8.1~11.7kbar的条件下。第三阶段的矿物组合为退变质组合,以环绕石榴子石变斑晶发育的后成合晶矿物组合(石英+斜长石+角闪石±单斜辉石±钛铁矿)为代表,形成的温度与压力条件约为730~740℃/3.5~5.7kbar。这些斜长角闪岩类记录了顺时针变质作用P-T轨迹,其中包含近等温降压的退变质过程,其中变质峰期变质条件达高角闪岩相到麻粒岩相过渡区。二次离子质谱(SIMS)探针锆石U-Pb定年表明,变质锆石年龄介于1.93~1.87Ga之间。结合其他学者发表的资料,推测华北中部造山带的中段和南段似乎在~1.95Ga即已开始了俯冲-碰撞的造山过程,而且该造山过程几乎延续了150Myr之久。