基于影像级实景模型的3维实景电子地图技术方案探讨

3维实景电子地图的建模方式多种多样,从成本和效率角度出发,笔者认为基于影像级实景模型的建模方式优势明显,文章详细叙述了基于影像级实景模型的3维实景电子地图技术方案。     

Assessment of earthquake hazard for the northwestern Vietnam from geological and geophysical data using an original program package

The highest seismic activity in Vietnam is observed in the northwest of the country, hence the practical significance of more accurate assessment of the earthquake hazard for the area. The worldwide experience of seismicity, in particular, the recent Tohoku mega-earthquake (March 11, 2011, M _w = 9.0, Japan) shows that instrumental and historical data alone are insufficient to reliably estimate earthquake hazard. This is all the more relevant in relation to Vietnam where the period of instrumental observation is short and historical evidence is nearly lacking. In this connection we made an attempt to construct maps of earthquake hazard based on known seismicity data using the available geological and geophysical data and the method of G.I. Reisner and his associates for classification of areas by seismic potential. Since the question of what geological and geophysical parameters are to be used and with what weights remains unresolved, we developed a program package to estimate Mmax based on different options in the use of geological and geophysical data. In this paper we discuss the first results and the promise held by this program package.     

LSI 65°010中的中子星周围存在HⅡ区的可能观测证据

对Be／X射线双星LSI＋65°010／2S0114＋65连续四年（1992—1995年）的光学光谱观测发现,在1992年11月它的Ha发射线等值宽度在4天内从－0．43A增至－1．48A,增加了约3．5倍．此剧烈变化支持LSI＋65°10的光学子星是一颗Be星而非超巨星的论点．我们的观测还发现,1994年9月它的Ha发射线轮廓呈明显的双峰结构,但与普通Be星中由于旋转气壳而形成的双峰不同,其红峰处于Ha理论波长附近,紫峰却紫移了7．2A．我们认为此双峰可能产生在LSI＋65°010的不同HⅡ区中,即红峰产生于Be星周围的气壳内,而紫峰很可能产生于在轨道上快速运动的中子星周围的HⅡ区中,此观测可能提供了中子星周围存在HⅡ区的证据．同样,我们认为1992年11月4日观测到的Ha发射线红翼几乎不变,紫翼却大幅增加的现象也是由于中子星周围的HⅡ区造成的．     

GBHM模型原理及其在中尺度流域的应用

分布式水文模型核心之一是对流域的离散方法.基于地形分析和单位线概念,GBHM利用面积函数和宽度函数概化流域地形特性,将流域划分为一系列内部均一的流带和流条,形成均质坡面流单元,使模型可用一维水份运动方程描述降水产流过程.模型在永定河流域的应用表明,其原理和效率均较为满意.     

Quantification of photosynthetic inorganic carbon utilisation via a bidirectional stable carbon isotope tracer

The amount of bicarbonate utilised by plants is usually ignored because of limited measurement methods. Accordingly, this study quantified the photosynthetic assimilation of inorganic carbon (CO₂ and HCO₃ ^?) by plants. The net photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation (P _N), the photosynthetic assimilation of CO₂ and bicarbonate (P _N’), the proportion of increased leaf area (f _LA) and the stable carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) of Orychophragmus violaceus (Ov) and Brassica juncea (Bj) under three bicarbonate levels (5, 10 and 15 mm NaHCO₃) were examined to determine the relationship among P _N, P _N’ and f _LA. P _N’, not P _N, changed synchronously with f _LA. Moreover, the proportions of exogenous bicarbonate and total bicarbonate (including exogenous bicarbonate and dissolved CO₂-generated bicarbonate) utilised by Ov were 2.27 % and 5.28 % at 5 mm bicarbonate, 7.06 % and 13.28 % at 10 mm bicarbonate, and 8.55 % and 17.31 % at 15 mm bicarbonate, respectively. Meanwhile, the proportions of exogenous bicarbonate and total bicarbonate utilised by Bj were 1.77 % and 3.28 % at 5 mm bicarbonate, 2.11 % and 3.10 % at 10 mm bicarbonate, and 2.36 % and 3.09 % at 15 mm bicarbonate, respectively. Therefore, the dissolved CO₂-generated bicarbonate and exogenous bicarbonate are important sources of inorganic carbon for plants.     

Land cover mapping using time series HJ-1/CCD data

It is very difficult to have remote sensing data with both high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency; thus, two categories of land-use mapping methodology have been developed separately for coarser resolution and finer resolution data. The first category uses time series of data to retrieve the variation of land surface for classification, which are usually used for coarser resolution data with high temporal frequency. The second category uses fine spatial resolution data to classify different land surface. With the launch of Chinese satellite constellation HJ-1in 2008, four 30 m spatial resolution CCDs with about 360 km coverage for each one onboard two satellites made a revisit period of two days, which brought a new type of data with both high spatial resolution and high temporal frequency. Therefore, by taking the spatiotemporal advantage of HJ-1/CCD data we propose a new method for finer resolution land cover mapping using the time series HJ-1/CCD data, which can greatly improve the land cover mapping accuracy. In our two study areas, the very high resolution remote sensing data within Google Earth are used to validate the land cover mapping results, which shows a very high mapping accuracy of 95.76% and 83.78% and a high Kappa coefficient of 0.9423 and 0.8165 in the Dahuofang area of Liaoning Province and the Heiquan area of Gansu Province respectively.     

洱海湖滨带水生植物多样性及分布现状

湖滨带水生植物对湖泊生态系统健康的维持具有重要作用。为了解当前洱海湖滨带水生植物现状,本研究于2020—2021年间每季度对洱海湖滨带水生植物进行调查。调查结果表明:(1)洱海湖滨带现有水生植物206种,属56科156属,其中湿生植物149种,挺水植物24种,沉水植物21种,漂浮植物7种,浮叶植物5种;常见种有狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、菰(Zizania latifolia)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、菱(Trapa bispinosa)等,偶见种为忍冬(Lonicera japonica)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)等。(2)从区系分布来看,洱海湖滨带物种主要为世界分布(83种)和热带分布(55种)两种类型,分别占总物种数比例的40.28%和26.71%。(3)在植物群落方面,洱海湖滨带共有18个主要植物群落类型,其中湿生植物群落4种,挺水植物群落3种,沉水植物群落9种,浮叶植物群落2种;以狗牙根群落、菰群落、苦草群落、菱群落为主。通过与历史文献结果的对比分析得出,近年来洱海湖滨带水生植物多样性有了显著提高,但目前存在挺水植物群落...     

内蒙古中西部宝音图群石榴角闪岩的地球化学、变质作用及年代学特征

宝音图群分布于内蒙古中西部狼山、图古日格和达茂旗一带,主要由云母片岩、石英片岩、石英岩、角闪岩和大理岩组成。在狼山格尔敖包沟和图古日格西南地区发育十分典型的石榴角闪岩,均以似层状或透镜状产自云母片岩中,但两地具有不同的矿物组合,前者主要以石榴石+角闪石+斜长石+含钛矿物（金红石和钛铁矿）为特征,后者主要以石榴石+角闪石+绿帘石+含钛矿物（金红石和钛铁矿）为特征。地球化学研究显示两个地区的石榴角闪岩原岩具有相似的化学组成,均为亚碱性玄武岩的拉斑系列。宝音图群的石榴角闪岩具有右倾的稀土配分模式,REE总量为83.31×10^-6~125.9×10^-6,（La/Yb）_N比值为2.17~6.48,δEu=0.87~0.98。Ta、Nb、Ti没有明显的负异常,其配分型式类似E-MORB特点。微量元素构造判别图解表明这些石榴角闪岩的原岩产于板内拉张环境中。本文通过模拟格尔敖包沟样品LS01和图古日格西南地区样品LS35的P-T视剖面图研究其变质作用及矿物演化过程,结果显示这两个样品均经历了早期进变质,峰期以及峰后近等温减压的顺时针型P-T轨迹。样品LS01的峰期温压条件为~11kbar/~735℃,模拟得到的峰期矿物组合可能为石榴石+角闪石+斜长石+黑云母+透辉石+金红石+熔体,P-M（H₂O）视剖面图显示,由于峰后演化过程中存在饱和流体渗透,导致峰期透辉石无法保留。样品LS35的峰期温度压力条件为~8kbar/675℃,其峰期组合为石榴石+角闪石+绿帘石+金红石。两个地区的石榴角闪岩的温度压力条件明显不同,推测宝音图群中呈透镜体或似层状产出的变质基性岩,存在着递增型的变质作用。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学的研究结果显示石榴角闪岩样品LS01的变质锆石年龄为394±8Ma。由此推测这些石榴角闪岩的原岩可能形成于华北北缘在新元古代发育的裂陷盆地,在泥盆纪中期,宝音图群作为华北克拉通的一部分,被卷入到与古亚洲洋闭合有关的造山过程,发育中压型递增变质作用。

     

基于开口同轴法的岩矿石样品介电常数测试

火成岩及变质岩找矿是金属探矿的重要组成部分,围岩与矿体之间存在的电性差别是区分二者的重要标志;另外探地雷达以高频电磁波传播为基础,决定电磁波场波速的主要因素是介电常数,因此以介电常数及电导率为内容的电性参数测试就显得尤为必要.传统岩矿石介电常数测试主要使用同轴传输/反射法,而开口同轴法在岩矿石电性测试方面的工作开展较少.本文基于终端开口同轴探头法,利用谱域准静态模型,开发了一套岩矿石复介电常数测试系统.该系统的岩矿石样品制作简单,避免了传统方法中岩样制作困难、岩样成品率低的弊病,且算法较为成熟,满足宽频带要求.本文使用开口同轴法分别测试了几种典型的成矿火成岩及变质岩介电常数.介电常数计算结果能够较好地表征围岩与矿体的差别,这为实际金属矿钻孔探测打下了基础.