集中采灌条件下碳酸盐岩热储群井示踪试验

地热回灌是实现地热资源可持续开发的有力措施,在世界各国已获得广泛应用,在地热资源的保护、减少资源浪费、延长地热井寿命以及减少环境污染等方面具有重要意义.天津是我国开展地热回灌比较成熟的地区之一,截至2019年底,天津市基岩裂隙型热储回灌率已达79.61％.大规模集中采灌条件下热储层渗流场的变化以及是否会影响热储温度已成为热储系统研究的前沿课题.本文以天津市东丽湖地区为例,选取1,5-萘磺酸钠作为示踪剂,在2018～2019年供暖期集中采灌期间开展了群井示踪试验,结果显示,供暖期内地热井开采量(或回灌量)、水温没有明显变化,水位除受正常采灌影响外没有明显变化,热储系统基本处于稳定状态;试验中示踪剂回收率极低,开采井和回灌井之间水力联系较差,有限的优势通道中的最大流速为448.42 m/d,优势通道的方向主要集中于北东向,与区内主要控热断裂沧东断裂及其次生断裂的发育方向一致;在现状开发利用模式下,不会造成该热储层温度的显著变化.这些认识对于指导北方古潜山碳酸盐岩热储的科学开发利用具有一定的现实意义.     

基于物流企业数据的2007-2017年中国城市网络空间特征及演化

采用2007、2012和2017年中国百强物流企业网络数据,运用世界城市网络研究的链锁网络模型方法,分析中国城市网络的等级结构、空间分异、空间联系及其演变特征。研究表明：基于物流企业数据的中国城市网络具有明显的层级特征,并呈现“两主多中心”的区域空间结构,网络联系的离散水平逐渐降低,其稳定性和均衡性有所增加,等级结构趋于合理;各节点城市组织能力空间分异明显,京津冀、长三角、珠三角的组织能力和介中心性始终处于较高水平,城市间物流联系逐渐增强,并有协同发展的趋势;城市网络联系中,长江沿线城市物流网络联系地位上升,上海为中心的T字型空间结构替代以北京为中心的核心网络结构,在全国尺度形成以胡焕庸线为界线,物流联系网络呈中东部密集、西部相对稀疏的空间格局,其演变过程呈现由等级网络联系特征向等级性与空间近邻性网络联系特征转变趋势。     

Earth Summit Mission 2022: Scientific Expedition and Research on Mt. Qomolangma Helps Reveal the Synergy between Westerly Winds and Monsoon and the Resulting Climatic and Environmental Effects

“Earth summit mission 2022” is one of the landmark scientific research activities of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP). This scientific expedition firstly used advanced technology and methods to detect vertical meteorological elements and produce forecasts for mountain climbing. The “Earth summit mission 2022”Qomolangma scientific expedition exceeded an altitude of over 8000 meters for the first time and carried out a comprehensive scientific investigation missi...     

Fractional crystallization processes of magma beneath the Carlsberg Ridge(57°–65°E)

Fractional crystallization of basaltic magma at variable depths in?uences strongly the geochemical compositions of mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORBs), especially at slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges. The Carlsberg Ridge is a typical slow-spreading ridge located in the northwestern Indian Ocean. In this study, we conducted petrological, geochemical and modelling studies of MORBs collected along the Carlsberg Ridge from 57°–65°E to understand the fractional crystallization processes of magma and the controls on variations in MORB geochemistry. Our results show that the mantle sources beneath the Carlsberg Ridge are heterogeneous even on the local scale of a segment; such heterogeneity may be ubiquitous beneath the Carlsberg Ridge. Mantle heterogeneity may be caused by the enriched components resulting in the "DUPAL" anomaly, whereas the ef fect of pyroxenite on mantle heterogeneity is negligible. The parental melts experienced crystallization of olivine, plagioclase and clinopyroxene prior to eruption, which played a signi?cant role in the major and trace element variations in MORBs from the Carlsberg Ridge. The liquid lines of descent(LLDs), deduced from the forward modelling of three parental magma compositions using the Petrolog3 program at pressures between 1 atm and 10 kbar, demonstrate that clinopyroxene joined the olivine and plagioclase cotectic. The over-enrichment in highly incompatible elements relative to LLDs may be caused by the processes of replenishment-tapping-crystallization in magma chambers. The calculated crystallization pressures suggest that parental magmas beneath the Carlsberg Ridge experienced moderateto high-pressure crystallization and that crystallization beneath the slow-spreading Carlsberg Ridge may start at upper mantle depths.     

Simultaneous determinations of U–Pb age,Hf isotopes and trace element compositions of zircon by excimer laser-ablation quadrupole and multiple-collector ICP-MS

We describe an in situ method for simultaneous measurement of U–Pb–Hf isotopes and trace element compositions of zircons using a quadrupole and multiple-collector inductively-coupled-plasma mass spectrometer (Q-ICP-MS and MC-ICP-MS, respectively) connected to a single excimer laser-ablation system. A laser-generated zircon aerosol was split behind the ablation cell into two transport tubes via a Y-shaped connector and simultaneously introduced into the two mass spectrometers. Hafnium isotopes were measured on the MC-ICP-MS instrument, while U–Pb ages and trace element compositions were determined using the Q-ICP-MS. The precision and accuracy of this method was evaluated using six well-known and widely used zircon standards (91500, Temora-2, GJ-1, Mud Tank, BR266 and Monastery). Analyses were carried out using spot sizes of 32, 44 and 60 μm. For the 44 and 60 μm spot, the resulting U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic and rare earth element (REE) compositions of these six zircons agree with recommended/reported values within 2σ error. The difference in relative standard deviations (RSD) of ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages between split-flow measurements and those obtained separately on the Q-ICP-MS is within ～ 20% for 91500, Temora-2 and GJ-1, and ～ 60% for Mud Tank (due to its lower U and Pb concentrations). Our method provides a precise approach for determining the U–Pb age and the Hf isotopic and trace element compositions of zircon within a single ablation event. This is in particular important for analysis of zircons that are small or contain complicated zoning patterns. Finally, the REE composition of zircon BR266 is more homogeneous than other zircons and could be a suitable standard by which to benchmark new standards for microprobe analyses of zircons.     

Migration patterns of Neolithic settlements on the abandoned Yellow and Yangtze River deltas of China

Archaeological records of the Neolithic settlements on the eastern China coast between 35°N and 30°N, an area covering the abandoned Yellow River and the Yangtze River delta plains, reveal that Neolithic people moved from the Yellow River basin onto the northern coast for fishing, hunting and dry-land agriculture ~ 7000 yr ago. Marine transgression interrupted their activities on the low-lying (2-5 m in elevation) coastal wetlands between 6000 and 5000 yr ago, after which they reclaimed their land near the river mouths. Their migration routes on the southern Yangtze delta plain indicate another scenario: early Neolithic communities moved onto the plain for wet-rice cultivation. Despite relative sea-level rise from 7000 to 4000 yr ago, a large number of settlements were established on the lowlands between the eastern Chenier Ridges and the western Taihu Lake depression. The Chenier Ridges, with ~ 1.0 m higher topography than the adjacent coastal area, played a role in sheltering the Neolithic people. Subsequently, settlements waned considerably, possibly due to further marine inundation combined with cold climate. The present study shows that migration patterns of the Neolithic settlements are closely associated with a gradually rising sea level between 7000 and 4000 yr ago.     

Dynamical downscaling of regional climate over eastern China using RSM with multiple physics scheme ensembles

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - The parameterization of physical processes is one of the critical elements to properly simulate the regional climate over eastern China. It is essential to...     

夏季黄河入海径流对黄河口及附近海域环流影响的数值研究

基于区域海洋模式ROMS,建立了一个三维非线性斜压浅海模式,考虑了包括径流、风场、海面热交换以及黄渤海环流等因素,研究了夏季8月份黄河入海径流量对黄河口及附近海域环流结构的影响。数值实验较好地佐证了黄河冲淡水的"北偏"现象,并很好的体现了冲淡水对河口附近海域环流结构的影响。数值研究表明:黄河入海径流量对河口附近海域环流结构有显著影响,径流越大冲淡水向北-西北方向偏转越明显,同时流轴中心余流流速也显著增大;莱州湾顺时针环流受黄河入海径流影响显著,径流量越大越不利于该环流的发育和维持,而径流量越小环流越稳定;径流量越大导致河口附近海域表层余流加大,余流垂向梯度得到加强,底部补偿流增强,河口垂向环流越明显。     

Practical versus absolute salinity measurements: New advances in high performance seawater salinity sensors

Optical salinity sensors described here measure directly the seawater refractive index and thus enable a measurement of the seawater density and composition variation. We detail the measurement dependence to environmental parameters (in particular temperature and pressure) compared to conductivity sensors, and demonstrate that it may be advantageous to directly measure refractive index rather than electrical conductivity and so obtain a more direct route to density and absolute salinity.     

武汉志留纪兰多维列世盔甲鱼类新材料

汉阳鱼作为湖北武汉地区古生代鱼类的代表,其真实形态一直未被确定下来,同时关于汉阳鱼目内部的系统发育学关系也只停留在其下两个属种的讨论上,并未对其开展详细的分析讨论.采用形态学和分支系统学的方法,对湖北武汉兰多维列世清水组上部的盔甲鱼类新材料进行了详细研究,建立了汉阳鱼科一新属新种:意外洪山鱼（Hongshanaspis inexpectatus gen.et sp.nov.),同时修订了汉阳鱼属的部分特征.新属以头甲呈宽大于长的梯形和横长的长条形中背孔等特征而归属于汉阳鱼科,同时又以头甲侧缘从眶孔往后逐渐由光滑变为锯齿状,椭圆形的背位眶孔,发育8对侧横管和细小粒状的突起纹饰等特征区别于汉阳鱼科其他属种.分支系统学显示,汉阳鱼目并未组成一个单系类群,其下的汉阳鱼科的属种也并未组成一个单系类群,而是一个多分支形式,但其下的修水鱼科的属种却组成了一个单系类群.相关的相标志表明,相比于锅顶山汉阳鱼,意外洪山鱼生活在水体更深的潮控三角洲环境中.