湖南头石露天矿测水组煤中锂的富集与成矿前景

本文以湖南涟邵煤田头石露天矿下石炭统测水组煤为研究对象,采用X射线衍射分析（XRD）、X射线荧光（XRF）、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP- MS）和高分辨率透射电镜（HR- TEM）等方法系统分析了煤的矿物学及元素地球化学特征。湖南头石露天矿测水组煤为中高灰,低挥发分烟煤,煤中主要矿物为高岭石、铵云母和方解石,其次为石英、锐钛矿、铁白云石、微斜长石、菱铁矿和伊利石,含有少量黄铁矿。与世界煤相比,头石露天矿测水组煤中高度富集Li（富集系数为15. 6）,越接近顶底板和夹矸,Li的含量越高。透射电镜分析及Li与灰分、Al2O3和K2O的明显正相关性表明,煤层中Li主要赋存在铝硅酸盐矿物,如高岭石、含锂绿泥石中。煤中Li的高度富集主要来源于蚀源区长英质母岩及盆地周缘花岗岩体,在泥炭聚集期间进入泥炭沼泽,或在间歇性海水- 岩浆热液等流体的共同作用下由围岩淋滤并运移至煤中富集。头石露天矿大部分煤层中Li含量达到回收标准,尤其是煤层底板和附近煤层中Li的成矿潜力值得关注。     

应用神经网络建立加速度峰值衰减规律

在假定了加速度峰值衰减规律的形式后，本采用人工神经网络拟合实际加速度峰值观测资料来求取方程中的待定系数。为加速神经网络的训练，本设计了基于ＢＰ学习算法的目标分段网络训练法。     

The broad band spectral index of TeV blazars detected by Fermi LAT

Using γ-ray data detected by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and multi-wave band data for 35 TeV blazars sample, we have studied the possible correlations between different broad band spectral indices ( $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ , $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ , $\alpha_{\rm r.x}$ , $\alpha_{\rm r.\gamma}$ , $\alpha_{\rm{ir.o}}$ , $\alpha_{\rm ir.x}$ , $\alpha_{\rm ir.\gamma}$ , $\alpha_{\rm o.x}$ , $\alpha_{\rm o.\gamma}$ , $\alpha_{\rm r.x}$ , $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ ) in all states (average/high/low). Our results are as follows: (1) For our TeV blazars sample, the strong positive correlations were found between $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ and $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ and $\alpha_{\rm r.x}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ and $\alpha_{\rm r.\gamma}$ in all states (average/high/low); (2) For our TeV blazars sample, the strong anti-correlations were found between $\alpha_{\rm r.ir}$ and $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ and $\alpha_{\rm ir.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ and $\alpha_{\rm o.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm{r.o}}$ and $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\mathrm{ir.o}}$ and $\alpha_{\rm o.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm r.x}$ and $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ , between $\alpha_{\rm ir.x}$ and $\alpha_{\rm x.\gamma}$ in all states (average/high/low). The results suggest that the synchrotron self-Compton radiation (SSC) is the main mechanism of high energy γ-ray emission and the inverse Compton scattering of circum-nuclear dust is likely to be a important complementary mechanism for TeV blazars. Our results also show that the possible correlations vary from state to state in the same pair of indices, Which suggest that there may exist differences in the emitting process and in the location of the emitting region for different states.     

新疆库鲁克塔格南华纪成矿体系特征

新疆库鲁克塔格地区南华系地层层序十分发育,该区南华系有3次冰川活动的沉积记录; 该区与Rodinia 超大陆裂解有关的构造岩浆事件发生时限为830～630 Ma; 区域内分布的且干布拉克蛭石矿和兴地Ⅱ号铜镍矿床与南华纪的Rodinia超大陆裂解有关; 库鲁克塔格地块在南华纪可能是华南板块的边缘块体,它与华南板块上大范围分布的同期火成岩为Rodinia超大陆裂解时地慢柱活动的产物。     

寿阳盆地特深水位成因探讨

寿阳盆地比西部的太原盆地高276m,有“山顶之盆”之称,因地势较高,气候寒冷,又有“冷寿阳”之称.该盆地为新生代断陷盆地,构造条件复杂,具有差异性与继承性的活动特点.其独特的地理条件及地质构造条件,使盆地内奥灰岩溶不断向深处发育,导致岩溶地下水水位埋深达430～550m,具特深水位特征.     

Modelling combined open channel flow by artificial neural networks

Combined open channel flow is encountered in many hydraulic engineering structures and processes, such as irrigation ditches and wastewater treatment facilities. Extensive experimental studies have conducted to investigate combined flow characteristics. Nevertheless, there is no simple relationship that can fully describe the velocity profiles in a turbulent flow. The artificial neural network (ANN) has great computational capability for solving various complex problems, such as function approximation. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of the ANN for simulating velocity profiles, velocity contours and estimating the discharges accordingly. The velocity profiles measured by an acoustic doppler velocimeter in the open channel of the Chihtan purification plant, Taipei, with different discharges at fixed measuring section and different depths are presented. The total number of data sets is 640 and the data sets are split into two subsets, i.e. training and validation sets. The backpropagation algorithm is used to construct the neural network. The results demonstrate that the velocity profiles can be modelled by the ANN, and the ANN constructed can nicely fit the velocity profiles and can precisely predict the discharges for the conditions investigated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

由公元3世纪至13世纪间中国古代月食时刻记录得到的△T值

本文简单介绍了中国古代月食观测的时刻记录，并运用公元３世纪初至１３世纪末近５０次月食的近百个不同食相的观测时刻的记载，研究地球自转速率的长期变化，得到了表示这一变化的△Ｔ值及日长变化值。     

Variation of precipitation in Langtang Valley,Himalayas

The variation of the δ 18O in precipitation and the relationship with precipitation amountat Kyangjin Base House and Yala Glacier Camp in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalayas were ana-lyzed. The variations of the δ 18O with precipitation had great scatter, and the correlations betweenthe δ18O and precipitation changed with time on the synoptic scale. On the seasonal scale, therewas marked amount effect at Kyangjin Base House. However, the δ18O-precipitation gradient wassmaller than that on the synoptic scale. Because of the maintenance of the basic equilibrium be-tween stable isotopic compositions in atmospheric vapor and precipitation, the evaporation en-richment was light during the rainy season. Therefore, the variation of stable isotopic compositionsin precipitation was independent on the sampling intervals. Simulations show that the rainfall inLangtang Valley was not the outcome of the initial condensation of ocean vapor that originatedfrom low latitudes. The stable isotopic compositions in precipitation were greatly depleted due tothe strong rainout of the vapor from oceans as the vapor was raised over the Himalayas     

扩展卡尔曼滤波数据同化试验--基于Lorenz(1960)系统的研究

本文采用Lorenz(1960)系统，在只考虑初始误差及观测误差而不考虑模式误差的情况下，利用扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter)数据同化方法进行了数值模拟试验。数值试验的结果表明：扩展卡尔曼滤波数据同化方法对系统状态的估计有较好的改善作用，能有效的抑制估计误差的增长；加大观测频率，可以进一步改善数据同化的效果，使估计误差进一步减小；由于模式误差的存在，系统的不稳定能量会不断的累积，出现了估计误差的异常增长和计算的不连续现象，在模式预报方程中的均值演变方程加人二阶偏差纠错项，对控制估计误差的异常增长，进一步改善数据同化的效果有较明显作用。     

恶劣环境下GPS/BDS混合双差模糊度固定性能分析

针对在恶劣观测环境下每个GNSS系统只观测到较少的几颗卫星,采用标准双差模型很难实现整周模糊度固定的问题,该文对GPS/BDS系统间混合双差模型进行研究,利用该模型计算出GPS/BDS系统偏差。在此基础上,利用实验分别对模拟和真实恶劣观测环境下的模糊度固定性能进行分析,实验结果表明,恶劣环境下GPS/BDS系统间混合双差模型表现良好,相较于经典的双差模型可将模糊度固定平均所需时间分别缩短43%和33%,模糊度固定成功率分别提高107%和31%。